Chapter 13; Bureaucracy
Which of the following accurately describes the program termination efforts of the Republican-controlled 104th Congress? A. Efforts focused on two fairly small agencies. B. Efforts focused on two very large agencies. .C. The Department of Defense budget was significantly reduced, but most of its programs remained intact. D. Numerous cuts were made, effectively reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy.
A. Efforts focused on two fairly small agencies.
The campaign promises of which of the following resulted in a major expansion of the federal bureaucracy? A. Franklin Roosevelt B. Harry Truman C. Herbert Hoover D. Abraham Lincoln
A. Franklin Roosevelt
How does the main character's approach to farming evolve over the course of the video? A. He begins with a small family farm and slowly transitions to farming with industrial methods, but eventually returns to small-scale organic farming. B. He begins as an independent farmer, but eventually joins a cooperative to obtain better prices on tools. C. After he is showered with riches from industrial farming, he is unable to alter his daily operations. D. He begins as a small-scale, organic farmer, but then evolves into an industrial farm with the help of the government.
A. He begins with a small family farm and slowly transitions to farming with industrial methods, but eventually returns to small-scale organic farming.
To help facilitate a smooth implementation of the ACA, what has the federal government done to assist consumers who are trying to obtain health insurance? A. It has set up a call center to answer questions from people in states that use the federal exchange. B. It automatically enrolls individuals in the cheapest possible insurance plan if they have not obtained coverage on their own by January 15, 2014. C. It allows anyone without employer-provided health insurance to temporarily enroll in Medicaid until they have purchased their own insurance on one of the exchanges. D. It has delayed the deadline for individuals to obtain health insurance until 2020.
A. It has set up a call center to answer questions from people in states that use the federal exchange.
What two states served as policy "pioneers" experimenting with health care reform initiatives that ultimately became critical parts of the ACA? A. Massachusetts and Utah B. California and Oregon C. New York and Vermont D. Texas and Wisconsin
A. Massachusetts and Utah
What was a reform that one state in particular had already tested out before passage and implementation of the ACA? A. Massachusetts had already enacted an individual mandate requiring health insurance. B. Oregon had already pioneered the inclusion of holistic health care to be covered by traditional health insurance. C. Utah had already raised the age limit for children to remain on their parents' insurance. D. New York had already required insurance companies to cover all individuals with preexisting conditions.
A. Massachusetts had already enacted an individual mandate requiring health insurance.
How has partisanship been closely tied to implementation of the ACA? A. The ACA has a record of almost no Republican support. B. The ACA has a record of almost no Democratic support. C. Both Democrats and Republicans overwhelmingly support the ACA. D. Republicans overwhelmingly support the ACA.
A. The ACA has a record of almost no Republican support.
Which of the following is TRUE concerning the Executive Office of President (EOP)? A. The Executive Office of the President was established by Franklin Roosevelt. B. Government corporations are part of the Executive Office of the President. C. The EOP is lead by secretaries appointed by the president. D. There are ten entities that make up the EOP.
A. The Executive Office of the President was established by Franklin Roosevelt.
The organic certification process includes which of the following steps? A. The certifying agent reviews the producer's application and the inspector's report to determine whether the applicant complies with the USDA organic regulations. B. The local health inspector tours the producer's farm to provide advice on how to comply with USDA organic regulations. C. The producer meets with an inspector at the local USDA office to review the application and discuss the producer's agricultural practices. D. The head of the USDA ratifies the organic certificate issued to the producer by the certifying agent.
A. The certifying agent reviews the producer's application and the inspector's report to determine whether the applicant complies with the USDA organic regulations.
Which of the following is a benefit of purchasing insurance through an online marketplace exchange? A. The exchanges will help you determine whether you qualify for subsidized health care coverage. B. The exchanges will allow you to swap out your insurance for a different policy at any point during the year. C. The exchanges offer discounts on insurance coverage that can't be obtained from providers directly. D. The exchanges are the only way to find insurance coverage that complies with the Affordable Care Act.
A. The exchanges will help you determine whether you qualify for subsidized health care coverage.
Which of the following provides the National Organic Program with its regulatory authority? A. congressional legislation B. an executive decree C. the Supreme Court D. a Health and Human Services initiative
A. congressional legislation (The NOP gets its authority from congressional legislation. The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 authorized the USDA to establish the National Organic Program to develop regulations regarding organic standards.)
Which of the following policy priorities was a part of the Progressive movement? A. conservation of land B. suppression of unions C. deregulation of industry D. preservation of the status quo
A. conservation of land
Who runs the insurance exchanges? A. either the federal government, a state government, or both B. the federal government only C. insurance providers only D. either a state government, insurance providers, or both
A. either the federal government, a state government, or both
How often must organic producers be certified? A. every year B. every three years C. every six months D. every three months
A. every year
Which of the following actions carry the force of law and allow the president to influence the bureaucracy? A. executive orders B. executive appointments C. bureaucratic rulemaking D. budget requests
A. executive orders
The move to privatization has endangered which of the following concerns? A. government accountability B. contractor availability C. contractor competence D. outsourcing
A. government accountability
Which of the following BEST describes President Reagan's efforts to shrink the government? A. hindered by a Democratic majority in the House of Representatives B. just a campaign promise C. a complete failure D. highly successful and permanently effective
A. hindered by a Democratic majority in the House of Representatives
Which of the following is a strategic goal of the USDA? A. preserving natural resources and protecting them from climate change B. ensuring access to efficient transportation for those in rural areas C. maintaining seed banks to protect biodiversity in the event of a natural disaster D. providing fresh produce and whole grains to low-income children
A. preserving natural resources and protecting them from climate change
A desire to reform the federal bureaucracy is often expressed by which of the following? A. presidential candidates B. members of the military C. residents of Washington, DC D. federal bureaucrats
A. presidential candidates
The goals of the Great Society initiative most closely resembled those of which of the following? A. the New Deal B. the patronage system C. the suffragettes D. the Federalists
A. the New Deal
At which point in time did the federal bureaucracy first significantly increase in size? A. the election of President Andrew Jackson B. the drafting of the Constitution C. the election of President George Washington D. the creation of the Department of War
A. the election of President Andrew Jackson
Thomas Newton has built his career selling livestock at auction. As a supporter of the newly elected president, he has been offered a job in the Department of Transportation even though he knows little about transportation issues. What is this an example of? A. the spoils system B. a meritocracy C. the zone of indifference D. a clientele agency
A. the spoils system (Basing government appointments on personal relationships or political favors (rather than qualifications) was a hallmark of the spoils system.)
Which of the following is a key provision of the Affordable Care Act? A. to expand access to insurance coverage B. to establish a nonprofit health care system C. to phase out Medicare and Medicaid D. to provide federally run health care coverage
A. to expand access to insurance coverage
According to the Department of Agriculture's vision statement, which of the following is an objective of the agency? A. to promote sustainability in agricultural production B. to acquire and lease arable land to the public C. to assure the safety and security of the nation's food supply D. to protect human health and the environment
A. to promote sustainability in agricultural production
According to surveys, how do a majority of Americans view the federal bureaucracy? A. wasteful and ever expanding B. helpful and underfunded C. underfunded and shrinking D. efficient and worth funding
A. wasteful and ever expanding
Which of the following is the primary source of the power of discretion given to bureaucrats? A. the Tenth Amendment B. Congress C. Supreme Court decisions D. the president
B. Congress
A bureaucracy has which of the following characteristics? A. It's managed by a hierarchy similar to a hub-and-spoke design. B. It reflects a division of labor. C. It's made up of employees who are generalists. D. It's generally used to create legislation and policy.
B. It reflects a division of labor.
Which of the following is a common suggestion as to how the federal bureaucracy should be reformed? A. It should be reduced to a single government agency. B. It should become more efficient. C. It should become much larger. D. It should be under tighter presidential control.
B. It should become more efficient.
According to section 205.236 of the National Organic Program regulations, what are the origin requirements for raising organic pigs? A. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from birth. B. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the last third of gestation. C. Livestock must be born from breeder stock that has been under continuous organic management. D. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the second day of life.
B. Livestock must be under continuous organic management from at least the last third of gestation.
What is the Federal Reserve System? A. a government corporation B. an independent regulatory commission C. an executive department D. a part of the EOP
B. an independent regulatory commission
What is an independent agency? A. a part of the cabinet B. an organization set up by Congress C. a regulatory commission D. a component of an executive department
B. an organization set up by Congress
The executive branch includes which of the following? A. corporate managers and boards of directors B. cabinet departments and federal agencies C. state lawmakers and congressional committees D. federal judges and courts of appeals
B. cabinet departments and federal agencies
The Department of Agriculture may be considered which of the following? A. tied to the Committee on Natural Resources B. clientele-oriented C. serving the interests of the general population D. an independent agency
B. clientele-oriented
The Reagan Revolution may be seen as a reaction to which of the following? A. expanding economic activity B. ineffective Great Society programs C. outdated New Deal programs D. declining government responsibility
B. ineffective Great Society programs
What are the four steps of the National Organic Program's rulemaking process? A. application processing, site inspection, internal review, and final authorization B. initial planning, proposed rule, public comments, and final rule C. agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption, and evaluation D. observation, hypothesis formulation, testing, and conclusion drawing
B. initial planning, proposed rule, public comments, and final rule
What is the largest division within HHS according to actual spending in 2018? A. the National Institutes of Health B. the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services C. the Administration for Children & Families D. the FDA
B. the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Which of the following is responsible for administering laws? A. the police B. the executive branch .C. the legislative branch D. the military
B. the executive branch
The spoils system had which of the following effects? A. the election of President John Adams B. the expansion of the federal bureaucracy C. the outbreak of the Civil War D. an amendment to the Constitution
B. the expansion of the federal bureaucracy
For a bureaucrat, which of the following would allow for a maximal amount of discretion in interpretation? A. a law that includes specific definitions of terms B. vaguely worded legislation C. a divided government D. a law that contains clear instructions for implementation
B. vaguely worded legislation
What does the term "adverse selection" mean, and how is it related to premium costs under the ACA? A. Adverse selection refers to the likelihood that insurance companies will reject applicants with preexisting conditions and only offer coverage to those who are young and healthy. B. Adverse selection refers to the possibility that healthy people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than sick ones, thus lowering premium costs for everyone. C. Adverse selection refers to the possibility that sick people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than healthy ones, thus increasing premium costs for everyone. D. Adverse selection refers to the dissatisfaction expressed by Republican governors who refuse to expand Medicaid or set up insurance exchanges in their states.
C. Adverse selection refers to the possibility that sick people will sign up for the ACA at greater rates than healthy ones, thus increasing premium costs for everyone.
The USDA is considered a clientele agency, meaning that its programs are intended to benefit a certain group, while that group also works to support the agency. Which of the following BEST describes the clientele that the department of Agriculture primarily serves? A. food retailers and restaurants B. rural businesses that employ 50 or fewer people C. American agricultural producers and rural farm communities D. low-income women and children
C. American agricultural producers and rural farm communities
Based on the 8 issues that are described as fundamental to determining whether the implementation of the ACA is a success, which of the following BEST summarizes the central question at the heart of there issues? A. Does the average American know what the ACA law is? B. Did all 50 states choose to participate in the ACA exchanges? C. Do more people have access to health care as a result of the ACA? D. Do all employers begin to offer health care to all workers?
C. Do more people have access to health care as a result of the ACA?
According to Figure 6, which executive department has the largest budget? A. Defense B. Veterans Affairs C. Health and Human Services D. Transportation
C. Health and Human Services
According to political scientist B. Guy Peters , clientele agencies rely on a single or a select few interest groups to represent as entire sector when seeking information and advice. As a result, clientele relationships become symbolic, or mutually dependent. Which of the following BEST explains how the USDA's national Organic Program provides a good example of the symbolic relationships that exist in clientele agencies? A. A reciprocal relationship exists between organic agricultural producers and consumers; agricultural producers benefit from consumers who buy organic food, and consumers receive more healthful organic foods at a reasonable price. B. Mutual dependencies exist between consumer protection groups and organic-food consumers; consumer protection groups benefit from having organic standards to enforce, and organic-food consumers enjoy organic foods they can trust. C. Mutual dependencies exist between organic agricultural producers and the NOP; the agricultural producers benefit from standards that help them bring organic foods to market, and the NOP receives expert assistance from agricultural producers in making rules and supporting organic standards. D. Competing dependencies exist between environmental regulators and the NOP; environmental regulators want EPA regulations supported by agricultural producers, and the NOP needs agricultural producers to support its organic regulations.
C. Mutual dependencies exist between organic agricultural producers and the NOP; the agricultural producers benefit from standards that help them bring organic foods to market, and the NOP receives expert assistance from agricultural producers in making rules and supporting organic standards.
After World War II ended, what happened to the federal bureaucracy? A. President Truman reduced it to its pre-New Deal size. B. It rapidly expanded. C. President Truman made efforts to streamline it. D. It became generally less efficient.
C. President Truman made efforts to streamline it.
How did distrust of the British government influence the original structure of the federal bureaucracy? A. The bureaucracy was placed under the authority of the Supreme Court. B. Head bureaucrats were directly elected by popular vote. C. The bureaucracy was small when initially created. D. Head bureaucrats were replaced every two years.
C. The bureaucracy was small when initially created.
Executive departments generally correspond to which of the following? A. state-level administrative offices B. federal court jurisdictions C. congressional committees D. presidential policy priorities
C. congressional committees
What are the three components of an iron triangle? A. government officials, interest groups, and party leaders B. executive departments, interest groups, and state legislatures C. congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups D. presidential aides, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups
C. congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups
Devolution efforts in the area of welfare reform have resulted in which of the following? A. weaker state authority B. stronger federal control C. differences in the quality of services provided by different states D. a standardized level of services across all states
C. differences in the quality of services provided by different states
According to section 205.237 of the National Organic Program regulations, organically raised livestock would be allowed to consume which of the following? A. plastic pellets for roughage B. animal drugs and hormones C. feed grazed from pasture D. feed containing antibiotics
C. feed grazed from pasture
According to a 2019 pol, Americans MOST favored cutting which of the following programs? A. welfare B. scientific research C. foreign aid D. Medicare
C. foreign aid
Which piece of Great Society legislation provided federal protection against discrimination in voting, employment, education, and access to public facilities? A. the Anti-Discrimination Act of 1963 B. the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 C. the Civil Rights Act of 1964 D. the Voting Rights Act of 1965
C. the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which of the following serves a narrow clientele rather than the general interests of the public? A. the Internal Revenue Service B. the State Department C. the Department of Veterans Affairs D. the Department of Education
C. the Department of Veterans Affairs
According to the text, what federal agency did Donald Trump promise to eliminate during his campaign for the presidency in 2016? A. the Department of Education B. the National Aeronautics and Space Administration C. the Environmental Protection Agency D. the Department of Energy
C. the Environmental Protection Agency
Which international agreement did the United States withdraw from following EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt's recommendation in 2017? A. the North American Free Trade Agreement B. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization C. the Paris Agreement D. the Kyoto Protocol
C. the Paris Agreement
What is the primary means by which the president checks the power of the bureaucracy? Choose the BEST answer. A. department funding B. the patronage system C. the power of appointments D. department employment levels
C. the power of appointments
According to the FAQs on the USDA webpage about certification, for an existing farm to become certified organic, how much time must have elapsed, at minimum, since prohibited substances were used on the farm? A. thirty-six weeks B. one year C. three years D. five years
C. three years
What distinguishes an iron triangle from an issue network? A. The clientele are not represented in an iron triangle. B. An iron triangle is less effective than an issue network. C. Members of Congress have less say in an iron triangle. D. An iron triangle tends to be more powerful than an issue network.
D. An iron triangle tends to be more powerful than an issue network.
Considering the rulemaking process, how might controversy affect the approval of a new organic standard? A. It would probably expedite the rulemaking process. B. It would probably cause the regulation to be approved. C. It would probably cause the regulation to be dropped. D. It would probably delay the rulemaking process.
D. It would probably delay the rulemaking process. (Because the NOP considers all public comments it receives about a proposed rule, a new organic standard that is considered controversial would most likely delay the rulemaking process.)
According to the conclusion, how is a policy's internal architecture and external environment related to successful implementation? A. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on the federal government being able to cover the costs of insurance exchanges and the Medicaid expansion. B. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on the president reaching across partisan lines to encourage states to comply. C. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on insurance companies being willing to comply with the new regulations on their industry. D. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on many players complying with the law and working together across partisan lines.
D. Successful implementation of the Affordable Care Act largely depends on many players complying with the law and working together across partisan lines.
Which of the following BEST describes what has happened to the EPA's budget over the past 40 years? A. The budget remained relatively stable until the 1990s, and then increased dramatically under President Clinton. B. The budget has slowly but steadily increased over time. C. The budget has remained stable since 1970. D. The budget has remained relatively stable since 1980.
D. The budget has remained relatively stable since 1980.
What does the video imply about the role of the farmer in determining his production methods? A. The farmer is constrained by the decisions of his cooperative. B. The farmer is completely subject to the whims of the market. C. The farmer is burdened by excessive government regulation. D. The farmer has a certain amount of autonomy over his agricultural decisions.
D. The farmer has a certain amount of autonomy over his agricultural decisions.
According to the document, a "take-up rate" is the number of people who apply for a government benefit. How is state support of the ACA related to the take-up rate? A. The take-up rate decreases as more states accept the Medicaid expansion and set up their own exchanges. B. The take-up rate increases as more Americans become dissatisfied with the ACA and voice their disapproval. C. The less states advertise, the more difficult it is to encourage individuals to sign up for the ACA, and thus the greater the take-up rate will be. D. The more states advertise the ACA, the greater the take-up rate, and the fewer uninsured there will be.
D. The more states advertise the ACA, the greater the take-up rate, and the fewer uninsured there will be.
A worker at the upper end of a bureaucratic hierarchy would probably be which of the following? A. a person who handles complaints B. a generalist C. a senator D. a person of greater authority
D. a person of greater authority
The membership of the National Organic Standards Board is composed of which of the following? A. a group of scientists who specialize in organic farming practices B. a committee of members of Congress and USDA officials C. a collection of agriculture lobbyists and environmental activists D. a variety of different stakeholders from the organic community
D. a variety of different stakeholders from the organic community (The NOSB is made up of 15 different appointees from across the organic community: four farmers/growers, three environmentalists / resource conservationists, three consumer- or public-interest advocates, two handlers/processors, one retailer, one scientist, and one USDA-accredited certifying agent.)
What is one way the ACA aims to expand access to insurance coverage? A. by offering Medicaid to all undocumented immigrants B. by offering a public option for health insurance C. by lowering the age limit for children to be included on their parents' insurance D. by requiring individuals to have insurance
D. by requiring individuals to have insurance
Devolution entails which of the following/ Choose the BEST answer. A. a shift from the public to the private sector B. cutting government personnel C. a larger degree of federal implementation of programs D. delegating power to state and local governments
D. delegating power to state and local governments
Which of the following reflects the most important expansion of the federal bureaucracy since the Great Society era? A. increased Department of Defense activity B. Medicare expansion C. Postal Service reform D. establishment of the Department of Homeland Security
D. establishment of the Department of Homeland Security
Public opinion polls show that Americans generally view government-run programs as what? A. efficient B. corrupt C. conservative D. inefficient
D. inefficient
What are the health insurance exchanges? A. local conferences where individuals can meet with both insurance representatives and government officials to voice concerns about their policies B. online forums for individuals to read and discuss provisions of the Affordable Care Act that might affect them C. local conferences where insurance representatives meet to ensure that their policies will comply with the Affordable Care Act D. online marketplaces for individuals to purchase insurance coverage that will comply with the Affordable Care Act
D. online marketplaces for individuals to purchase insurance coverage that will comply with the Affordable Care Act
The use of security contractors in Iraq represents an example of which of the following? A. devolution B. reengineering C. budget cuts D. privatization
D. privatization
The Pendleton Act did which of the following? A. established minimum wages B. created regulations designed to prevent monopolistic behavior C. ensured the preservation of Yellowstone National Park D. required federal employees to be hired based on merit
D. required federal employees to be hired based on merit
The use of paperwork in a bureaucracy lends itself to which of the following? A. specialization B. education C. secrecy D. standardization
D. standardization
According to the text, what has come to be viewed as the moment when the federal bureaucracy became a crucial provider of social services? A. D. required federal employees to be hired based on merit B. the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt C. the outbreak of World War II D. the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935
D. the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935
What was one of the purposes of the Meat Inspection Act? A. to increase meat price points B. to reduce the costs of meat production C. to eliminate the spoils system D. to regulate labor
D. to regulate labor
