Chapter 13: Cardiovascular Health
A computed tomography (CT) scan uses which of the following to create a cross-sectional image of the brain?
computerized X-rays
Which of the following are less common forms of heart disease?
congenital heart defects mitral valve prolapse
What is the condition when elevated blood pressure within the heart causes the heart muscle to fail?
congestive heart failure
Which precautions could prevent a great number of cancer cases?
controlling body weight avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke staying out of the sun
______ doubles the risk of CVD for men and triples it for women.
diabetes
Depression can increase the risk of
CVD
What is atherosclerosis?
narrowing of the arteries by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances
For women who take oral contraceptives, which factors further increase the risk of high blood pressure?
obesity advanced age long duration of use
Which of the following describes what happens in a cardiovascular accident (stroke)?
The blood supply to the brain is cut off and brain tissue dies.
Which of the following statements are true about exercise and the risk of CVD?
The more exercise you get, the less likely you are to develop CVD.
When the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen, which parts of the body commonly experience pain?
The neck the arm The chest
Which of the following statements about metastasis is correct?
The term refers the spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another.
Under which condition should CPR be administered to a potential heart attack victim?
The victim has no pulse.
For which of the following actions can a CT scan be used?
assess brain damage determine the type of stroke
A period during the course of cancer when there are no symptoms or other evidence of the disease is called
remission
Annually, about how many U.S. deaths can be attributed to smoking?
1 in 5
Smoking is considered the number-one risk factor for ______ that a person can control.
CVD
True or false: Being obese in middle age does not significantly increase a person's cancer risk.
False, Obesity in middle age has been show to increase risk for many cancers.
Which of the following statements is true about hypertension treatment?
Hypertension can be controlled.
Which statements accurately describe a balloon angioplasty?
It can be used to place a tubular device called a stent in the artery. It widens the arterial opening
How does exercise help reduce CVD risk?
It contributes to weight loss. It strengthens the heart muscle.
In which ways does exercise help reduce a person's risk for developing CVD?
It improves the condition of blood vessels. It helps decrease blood pressure. It increases HDL levels.
Which statement is true concerning a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
It produces stroke-like symptoms.
Replacing some animal protein with soy protein can help lower which of the following?
LDL cholesterol levels
Which statements accurately describe congenital heart defects?
They include a defect in which holes exist in heart chamber walls. They occur in about 1% of births each year. They can lead to death in some cases.
True or false: For people over 55, the incidence of strokes more than doubles in each successive decade.
True, The incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive decade after age 55.
Sudden cardiac death, also called cardiac arrest, is most often caused by an arrhythmia called
a fibrillation.
What is remission?
a period during which a patient has no signs or symptoms of cancer
Which dietary changes can people make to lower their risk of developing cardiovascular disease?
achieving and maintaining a healthy weight eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables choosing only unsaturated fats avoiding excessive alcohol
The pain that may be felt as an extreme tightness in the chest when the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen is called ---- pectoris.
angina
An ______ is a procedure performed in a cardiac catheterization to help identify heart problems.
angiogram NOT: angioplasty, Angioplasty is a form of treatment, not a diagnostic test.
Which conditions result from plaque build-up?
arteries narrow blood clots accumulate blood flow is restricted
How often should people over the age of 20 have their cholesterol checked?
at least every 5 years
What is the disease process that causes arteries to become clogged and narrowed?
atherosclerosis
PAD stands for peripheral ---- disease.
atrerial
Which type of tumor is made of cells that are incapable of penetrating neighboring tissues?
benign
Which are under study as possible risk factors for CVD?
blood levels of iron a specific type of LDL called lipoprotein(a) blood levels of uric acid
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and
blood vessels
A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a blood vessel rupture that is located on the brain's surface and bleeds into the
brain and skull.
Which of these symptoms can be significantly reduced by early treatment of stroke victims?
brain damage permanent disability
As a result of extensive research, which type of cancer has been linked to a gene mutation?
breast
Which practice is an emergency technique for treating a heart attack victim?
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cancer is the result of abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of _____.
cells
Which term is another word for a stroke?
cerebrovascular accident
Which conditions can result from excess cholesterol?
clogged arteries, increased risk of CVD
A heart attack occurs when what fails to deliver enough blood to the heart?
coronary arteries
The heart pumps ______ blood to the lungs and delivers ______ blood to the rest of the body.
deoxygenated; oxygenated
Besides an electrocardiogram, which tests can detect CHD?
electron-beam computed tomography nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging echocardiography
Which symptoms of diabetes can damage the lining of the arteries?
elevated blood glucose levels elevated insulin levels
A(n) --- is a blood clot that breaks off from its place of origin in a blood vessel and travels through the bloodstream. (Remember to type only one word.)
embolus
True or false: Transient ischemic attacks are usually life-threatening.
false, Although a person with a suspected TIA should seek medical attention, TIAs don't cause permanent damage.
A triglyceride is a type of --- found in blood, and it is obtained from food and manufactured by the body. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)
fat
Congestive heart failure results from the heart's inability to pump blood. As a result,
fluid accumulates in the body.
Which of the following nutrients have been found to increase heart health?
folic acid, calcium
Which of the following are lifestyle changes recommended for people with hypertension?
healthy diet regular exercise
An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a test to detect abnormalities by evaluating the electrical activity in the
heart
Which conditions are forms of cardiovascular disease that can be caused by hypertension?
heart attacks, strokes
An arrhythmia is a change in the normal pattern of the
heartbeat
What is the most common cause of sudden death among athletes younger than 35?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Chronically elevated pressure within the heart can cause
hypertrophy
Non-smokers who are exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke ______ their risk of CVD.
increase
High blood pressure is a result of ______ output of blood by the heart or ______ resistance to blood flow in the arteries.
increased;increased
What responses by the body to excessive stress contribute over time to CVD?
increases in blood pressure increases in heart rate
Which of the following are possible risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease?
infectious agents high homocysteine levels
A blood vessel rupture within the brain is called a(n)
intracerebral hemorrhage.
Congenital heart defects, rheumatic heart disease, and heart valve disorders are
less common forms of heart disease.
People who have a family history of cardiovascular disease may be at greater risk of developing the disease, but --- factors, such as smoking, still play a large role.
lifestyle
Which cancers can be caused by tobacco smoke?
lung mouth throat
Which organ is affected by pulmonary edema?
lungs
A technique called MRI uses powerful ______ to look inside the body and generate pictures of the heart and blood vessels.
magnets
Patients who have suffered a heart attack are more likely to have another one if they suffer from which of the following conditions?
major depressive disorder
A(n) ______ tumor is capable of invading surrounding tissue and spreading.
malignant
People who have insulin resistance tend to have several other related risk factors. Together, these factors are called
metabolic syndrome
Researchers have found that ______ genes contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
multiple
The heart is a four-chambered, fist-sized
muscle
A heart attack is also known as a(n) --- infraction
myocardial
When people experience stress, stress hormones activate the sympathetic -- system.
nervous
Which symptoms can be caused by peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?
obstructed blood flow limited blood flow
High blood pressure is two to three times more common in women who take
oral contraceptives
Which factors can cause elevated triglyceride levels?
physical inactivity cigarette smoking excessive alcohol intake
Which of the following plant substances act as antioxidants or have other anti-cancer effects?
phytochemicals carotenoids
Which of the following are techniques to reduce the risk of hypertension by reducing sodium consumption?
preparing meals at home avoiding processed foods
Blood exerts ---- on the walls of the blood vessels. (Remember to type only one word in the blank.)
pressure
Which of these foods is not a recommended source of potassium to reduce the risk of hypertension?
processed meals
Which of the following are ways in which smoking affects the cardiovascular system?
raises the risk of heart attack results in heart attacks that are more likely to be fatal increases the risk of stroke
Which elements determine blood pressure?
resistance of the blood vessels pumping action of the heart
Which is an example of a problem that could be revealed by an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?
restricted blood flow.
Between 40 million and 60 million Americans are at high risk for CVD, primarily because of their
sedentary lifestyles.
Cholesterol is an important component of which parts of the body?
sex hormones the lungs cell membranes
Which feature is characteristic of all cancers?
the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells
What factor determines which parts of the body are affected by a stroke?
the area of the brain that was damaged
What is the original location of a cancer called?
the primary tumor
Which feature allows arteries to expand and relax?
thick elastic walls
A blood clot in a blood vessel that usually remains at the point of its formation is called a(n)
thromubs
Which of the following is a function of insulin?
to maintain proper glucose levels
True or false: Noncancerous tumors only pose a health threat if they physically interfere with essential bodily functions.
true, Noncancerous tumors are only dangerous if their physical presence interferes with body functions.
The terms neoplasm and ______ refer to the same thing.
tumor
Hypertension leads to _____. (Select all that apply.)
weakening of the heart, damage to the blood vessels
At what age should people begin having their cholesterol checked?
20
About ______% of all heart attack victims are age 65 or older.
70
