Chapter 13 - Genetics
The Pace family has seven children, one son and six daughters. What is the chance that the eighth child will be a daughter?
1/2
What is the chance if a couple has two children, that they will hace one boy and one girl?
1/4
A coin is tossed three times. The probability that it will land heads up all three times is?
1/8
two coins are tossed together 40 times. Approximately how many times should both land tails up?
10
what is the probability that the offspring with be smoooth and freen?
3/16
what is the probability that their fourth child will NOT have tay-sachs disease?
3/4
people with down syndrome have
47 chromosomes
Baby 1 later married Baby 2. What is the probability that their first child will have type b blood?
50
What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O allele from another?
A
A + A =
AA, AO, OO
AB + AB =
AA, BB, AB
B + AB =
BB, AO, BO, AB
What do each babies match up with?
Baby 1 = III baby 2 = II Baby 3 = I
What type of gametes can be produced by a pea plant with green pods and round seeds? (genotype GGRr)
GR, Gr
what is the universal blood donor?
O
A + O =
OO, AA
what is the genntype for kleinfelders disease? what can not shut off?
XXY (the x does not shut off)
Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations?
XY
Color blindness is an X- linked recessive condition. Which parental genotypes would result in children who are all normal-vision daughters ad all color blind sons?
Xb Xb, and Xb Y
If nondisjunction occurs than...
a gamete will receive too many or too few homologues of a chromosome
Each parent contributes one of two genes for a particular trait, What are these gene pairs called?
alleles
each parent contributes one of two genes for a particular trait. What are these gene pairs called?
alleles
what is blood clotting caused by?
antibodies
If a female brown labrador mates with a male brown labrador, which result is least possible?
black
what trait is controlled by multiple alleles in humans?
blood types
If three quarters of the offspring from many experimental crosses showed only the dominant traits, the parets were both...
both heterozygous
what are the bell shaped plants?
codominant
unlike alleles in a population contribute to....
diversity
what do unlike alleles in a population contribute to?
diversity
The interaction between genes in labrador dogs the genes suggest the mechanism of?
epistasis
f1 : f2
f1 : P
Mutations are always harmful. (true or false)
false
heterozygous individuals have two of the same alleles for a particular gene
false
the allele for a recessive trait is usually represented by a capital letter. (true or false)
false
what are the effects of a mutation?
helpful, harmful, neutral
the passing of traits from parents to offspring is called...
heredity
if an indivifual posses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be....
homozygous for the trait
What is true about mitochondrial DNA?
humans get all their mitochondial DNA from their mothers
Which variable is being investigated in the experiment with seeds?
light
female: XX
male: XY
if a characteristic is sex-linked, where does it most commonly occur?
males
With current technology, specific chromosomes can be distinguished from one another by all of the following except
microscope observation of nucleotide sequences
What does man inherit from their mother?
mitochondria
X-inactivation is necessary in female mammals because...
only one X chromosome is expressed
a family record that indicates the occurence of a trait is a ....
pedigree
Protein kinases activate other enzymes by the addition of...
phosphate groups
the phenotype of an organism is the...
physical appearance of a trait
A trait that is not visible in the F1 generation but reappears unchanged in the F2 generation is...
recessive
a trait that is not visible in the F1 generation but reappears unchanged in the F2 generation is....
recessive
Gene is to chromosome as....
recipe is to cookbook
Gene is to chromosome is as...
recipe is to cookbook
Which step meiosis corresponds to Mendel's principle of segregation?
separation of homologous chromosomes
the X and Y chromosomes are called the....
sex chromosomes
In X- inactivation, DNA methylation does what?
shuts down one X chromosome
When grown in the dark, all the seedlings are white because?
the environment they are grown in
Homologuos chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes what code for...
the same traits
the function of a protein is determined by...
the shape of the protein
what is not true about chromosome maps?
they depict absolute differences between genes on chromosomes
What is not true about mutations?
they show that inheritance consists mostly of mistakes
a mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached to a nonhomologous chromosome is called....
translocation
A male can produce sperm that contains either an X or Y chromosome. (true or false)
true
Mendel discovered predictable patterns in the inheritance of traits. (true or false)
true
The father listed in the pedigree is most likley heterozygous for the trait. (true or false)
true
a dominant allele masks the effect of a recessive allele. (true or false)
true
what is barr body?
turns off X chromosomes