Chapter 13

Design teams for car manufacturers create new vehicle models. What type of team does this exemplify?

creative

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________.

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees

What is the favored term for human factors psychology in Europe?

ergonomics

Ted conducts a study regarding how walking on a treadmill instead of sitting at a desk impacts worker productivity. Ted's study is within the industrial-organizational specialty area of ________ psychology.

human factors

Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring job applicants?

immutable characteristic

Diana is assessing applicants for a pilot job at a regional airfield. She wrote the description of the ideal candidate, and now she is reviewing the personality profiles of the applicants to screen those who do not fit the profile. Diana is working in the specialty area of industrial-organizational psychology called ________ psychology.

industrial

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?

knowledge, skills, abilities

According to Edwin Locke, job ________ is the state of feeling resulting from appraising one's job experiences, and a more modern definition includes the extent to which a person enjoys their job.

satisfaction

Halima is excellent at organizing events, but she is weak in delivering the opening address. She decides to focus on what she is good at and delegate the opening address to her immediate subordinate who excels in public speaking. Halima is practicing ________.

strengths-based management

Lucia is optimistic about goal achievement, and she encourages her team to think critically and solve problems. She is also considerate of their needs. What type of leader is Lucia?

transformational

Dr. Diop is the head of an academic department in a school whose teachers have all been told to teach from home for the next month. She gets them all to have weekly check-ins using web-conferencing software so that they can meet while they're all at home. This is an example of a ________ team.

virtual

An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ________.

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

Which of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis?

works well under pressure and in group situations

What are the three sources of work-family conflicts?

1. Time devoted devoted to work makes it hard to fulfill family requirements, or vice vera. 2. Strain from participation in work makes it hard to fulfill family duties, or vice versa. 3. Specific behaviors required by work make it hard to fulfill the requirements of family, or vice versa.

Discuss 2 issues with using performance evaluations.

An issue with using performance evaluations may be that they have not been adequately tested to see if they improve performance or motivate employees. Evaluations also fail to accomplish their purpose because performance appraisal systems are often used incorrectly or are an inappropriate type for the organizations culture.

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.

The notion that workers tend to show an increase in performance when they know that they are being observed is called the ________ effect.

Hawthorne

Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis?

It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?

Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths.

Which important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII

What is the 360-degree feedback appraisal and what is it used for?

The 360-degree feedback appraisal is when one employees appraisal is derived from supervisors, peers, employees supervised by the employees, and the employee herself. The purpose of the 360-degree feedback appraisal is to give all the employees, supervisors included, different perspectives of how the employee is doing.

List and briefly describe the two approaches to conducting a job analysis.

The first approach to a job analysis is task-oriented which list in detail the tasks that will be preformed for the job. The task are rated with how often they are done, how hard they are, and how important the job is. The second approach is worker-oriented. The worker-oriented analysis consist of required characteristics the workers must successfully perform.

Describe the Theory Y approach to management.

Theory Y is where managers assume most people and their employees seeks inner satisfaction and fulfillment from their work. Managers allow their employees to participate, provide input, and set personal and work goals. The managers in the Theory Y approach to management allow the group to take ownership in their work so they feel part of the team.

Which of the following is not an example of Legislation Prohibiting Employment Discrimination?

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972

Several influential early psychologists studied issues that today would be categorized as industrial psychology. These individuals included James Cattell, Hugo Münsterberg, and Walter Dill Scott, who were all students of ________.

Wilhelm Wundt

What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style?

Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style.

Which of the following is a frequent trigger for workplace violence?

feeling of being treated unfairly, unjustly, or disrespectfully

Rosetta is a master electrician. Often, she is the only woman at the construction site. Her male coworkers frequently make sexual comments about her appearance and tape explicit pictures of women up at the worksite. She complains to the site manager, but he tells her to toughen up. What form of sexual harassment does this represent?

hostile environment

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee?

mentoring

Hershel is a strict, goal-oriented manager. When his team achieves their daily productivity goals he rewards them with long lunches and bonus pay. When his team falls behind, he extends the work day by an hour and cuts lunch by fifteen minutes. What type of leader is Hershel?

transactional