Chapter 13

Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about ______.

30

_____is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.

Obesity

A persons _____ is about 10% higher than his or her ______.

RMR; BMR

When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ______.

are relatively inexpensive involve minimal equipment

A trendy weight-loss practice that has widespread appeal among the population as a "quick fix", often offering gimmicks or supplements, is called a ______ diet.

fad

Which two variables are used to calculate a person's BMI?

height weight

Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cells?

insulin

All of the following will increase an individual's BMR except ______.

starvation

Choose the factors that will increase a person's basal metabolic rate.

stress lactation post-exercise recovery

Which of the following health problems is associated with excess weight?

type 2 diabetes

The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called

underwater weighing

Central-body obesity is

-sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape. -symbolic of extra visceral fat stores. -more common in men.

Choose the true statements about hypothyroidism.

-testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain -associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity -caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue

Factors of energy output include:

Digestion Metabolism Physical Activity

Which is an example of a logical approach to weight loss?

Increasing physical activity

Obese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights.

greater

Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation.

healthy sleep mindful eating practices physical activity

When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ______.

height age weight

What mechanisms make energy balance complex?

metabolic rates differ adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person hormone levels influence weight loss

The practice of living and responding to the present moment with an attitude of observance and nonjudgment is called

mindfulness

The most costly conditions associated with obesity include ______.

-arthritis -coronary artery disease -type 2 diabetes

Choose the true statements about mindfulness.

-has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss -may reduce emotional eating -involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practices

Choose the weight-loss practices that will help a person achieve a weight-loss.

-reduce intake of ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates, and sugars -reduce calorie intake by 500 to 750 kcal/day -assessing hormone levels that are known to affect body weight

Identify the health problems associated with excess weight.

-type 2 diabetes -hypertension -CVD

People with hypothyroidism may experience ______.

-weight gain -fatigue -reduced metabolic rate

Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number.

24

Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese.

50%

methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools.

Direct

Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation?

Energy input = Energy output

Satiety Appetite Hunger

Feeling of fullness after consuming food The psychological desire to eat An uncomfortable feeling that drives a person to consume food

______ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water; whereas, ______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat.

Overweight; obesity

How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

RMR is higher

The following factor(s) can affect actual energy requirements ______.

age height weight

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______.

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

Increasing your physical activity will _____ how many calories you burn.

increase

The percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017.

increased

A person taking a _______inhibitor for weight loss often takes a multiple vitamin supplement to replace fat-soluble vitamins lost when fat digestion is reduced by 30%.

lipases

Children are ____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnant.

more

The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called

satiety

The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______.

energy output

Factors that increase a person's basal metabolic rate include ______.

tall stature periods of growth caffeine

Combining _____ calorie intake with _____ physical activity is key for weight loss and weight maintenance.

decreased; increased

Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation.

hormonal imbalance high stress sleep deprivation

Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include:

hormone production metabolic rate body frame

A person with central-body obesity has a body that is ______ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is ______ shaped.

apple; pear

The medical specialty that focuses on obesity treatment is known as

bariataic

When the energy intake is equal to the energy output, body weight is maintained and the person is in ______.

energy balance

Fad diets ______.

rely on testimonials for evidence of effectiveness limit food selections to a few food groups offer a 'quick fix' to your weight problem

Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process.

weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses