chapter 13 hun1201

ferric iron (+++)

"oxidized"-lost an electron form of iron

ferrous iron (++)

"reduced"-gained an electron form of iron

iron in selected foods

-broccoli -tomato juice -corn -beef liver -parsley

zinc in selected foods

-broccoli -yogurt -ground beef -oysters -sirloin steak -crab

cancer

-free radical damage

muscle and bone

All cells contain zinc but the highest concentrations are found in

zinc

An essential trace element required for various metabolic reactions

carotenoids (-carotene and Lutein)

Antioxidant; free radical scavenger, decrease inflammation Food sources: Tomatoes, carrots, yams, cantaloupe, spinach, sweet potatoes; citrus fruits

iron

Cofactor in oxidation-reduction reactions Part of electron carriers ( electron transport chain) Immune function Oxygen carrier (Hemoglobin) and oxygen storage (myoglobin)

behavioral symptoms of iron deficiency

Energy metabolism is impaired Neurotransmitter synthesis is altered Reduces work capacity and mental productivity Motivational problems

enriched sources of iron

Flour and grain products

flavonoids

Food sources (whole grains, legumes, soy, vegetables, fruits, herbs, spices, teas, chocolate, nuts, olive oil, and red wines. Antioxidant prevents LDL oxidation; inhibit platelet aggregation

hereditary hemochromatosis

Hemosiderosis Iron overload disorder caused by a genetic failure to prevent unneeded iron in the diet from being absorbed More common in men than women Iron overload assessment tests measure transferrin saturation and serum ferritin Iron deposit which can lead to organ damage

dietary factors inhibit zinc absoprtion

High non-heme iron intake Phytates (tea, coffee) and fiber ( fiber, grains and beans)

plant sterols (soy)

Inhibit cholesterol absorption

lignans (flaxseed)

Inhibit cholesterol absorption Reduce inflammation

copper sources

Legumes, whole grains, nuts, shellfish, seeds, water delivered through copper plumbing, organ meats

tomatoes

Lycopene is a phytochemical found in_________________

absorption-enhancers for nonheme iron

MFP (meat, fish, and poultry) Vitamin C Some acids (HCL from stomach, Lactic acid in foods) and sugars

natural sources of iron

Meats, fish, poultry, legumes, eggs

iodine

Part of thyroid hormones that regulate: Body temperature Metabolic rate Reproduction and growth Blood cell production Nerve and muscle function

factors inhibit non-heme iron absorption

Phytates (whole grains, legumes, seeds, and rice) Vegetable proteins (soybeans other legumes, and nuts) Calcium (cheese, milk, yogurt, okra, green beans, almond) Polyphenols (such as tannin acid in tea, coffee, grain products, oregano, and red wine)

sources of zinc

Shellfish, meats, poultry, milk, and cheese protein-rich foods

zinc's role in the body

Supports the work of hundreds of proteins (Metalloenzymes) involved in transcription factors Stabilizes cell membranes and DNA Immune function Growth and development Synthesis, storage, and release of insulin Blood clotting Thyroid hormone function Behavior and learning performance

selenium

Trace mineral needed in small amount Roles in body Antioxidant Part of proteins Glutathione peroxidase (enzyme can protect organism from oxidative damage) Enzymes activate or inactivate thyroid hormone Thyroxine production, basal metabolism and body temperature

copper

Transport and balance depend on a system of proteins Roles in body Constituent of enzymes Reactions that consume oxygen or oxygen radicals Iron metabolism Defense against oxidative damage ( superoxide dismutase)

anemia

Which of the following can be caused by iron defiency?

chicken

Which of the following foods provides heme iron which has higher bioavailability?​

Impaired energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis

Which of the following is a behavioral symptoms of iron deficiency?​

Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport?​

most of the bodys iron is recycled

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron utilization?​

The human body only needs a small amounts for optimal functioning

Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals?​

​A deficiency or a toxicity leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland

Which of the following is a feature of iodide utilization?​

Foods containing vitamin C

Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption?​

fluoridated tap water

Which of the following is the best food sources for fluoride?

shellfish

Which of the following meats would be the best source of copper?​

selenium

Which of the following nutrients can play a role as antioxidants in the body?

iodized table salt

Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lives inland?​

thyroid gland enlargement

Which of the following would most likely result from an excessive intake of iodine?​

upper small intestine

absorption site for iron

nonheme iron

all of the iron in foods derived from plants is

phytochemicals

compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body

gi tract

converts iodine in food to iodide

pica

craving and consumption of nonfood substances

goiter

enlarged thyroid gland

heart disease

excess iron -free radicals

high zinc and iron intakes

factors that impair copper absorption

bones and teeth

fluoride is found in

heme iron

found in animal foods higher bioavailibity type of iron

nonheme iron

found in plant and animal foods type of iron

selenium sources

found in soil meats, milk, and eggs brazil nuts

functional foods

included all foods (whole, fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods) that have a potentially beneficial effect on health

ferritin

iron storage in small intestine

transferrin

iron transport protein

most bottled waters

lack fluride

cretinism

mental retardation, stunted growth

iron

most common nutrient deficiency worldwide

trace minerals

needed in smalla mounts for optimal functioning

nonessential trace minerals

nickel, siicon, vanadium, cobalt, boron

11 mg/day for men

rda for zinc for men

8 mg/day for women

rda for zinc for women

anemia

severe depletion of iron stores -low hemoglobin concentrations

drinking water, tea and fish

sources of fluroride

seafood, iodized salt

sources of iodine

goitrogen

substance in food, drug, or chemical that disrupt the production of thyroid hormone

flurosis

toxicity of fluoride