CHAPTER 13

Select all of the following that correspond to absolute zero.

-459.67°F 0 K

What is the lowest temperature possible on the Kelvin scale?

0 K

Match the correct temperature on the Celsius scale to its best physical representation.

0 freezing 100 boiling 20 room temp

Match the masses on the right and left.

1 2 32 3

Which of the following temperatures would correspond to the largest average kinetic energy of an ideal gas?

212 F

Match the following common molecules with their molar masses.

Carbon dioxide 44 nitrogen 28 oxygen 32 water 18

True or false: All interactions between atoms and molecules are important for the kinetic theory of the ideal gas.

False

How does heat spontaneously flow?

From hot to cold

Select all of the following that are transfers of energy.

Heat Work

On which of the following does the pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of the container depend?

How many molecules there are in a given space. The amount of momentum transferred to the wall during a given collision. How often each molecule collides with the wall.

On which of the following does the pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of the container depend?

How often each molecule collides with the wall. How many molecules there are in a given space. The amount of momentum transferred to the wall during a given collision.

In which phase of matter is the root mean square displacement in one direction proportional to the square root of elapsed time?

In both liquids and gases

A circular washer has a circular hole in the middle. The washer is heated. Does the cross-sectional area of the hole in the middle of the washer increase, decrease, or stay the same?

Increase

Select all of the following that are true regarding number density.

It is defined as number of atoms or molecules per unit volume. Its SI units are atoms or molecules per cubic meter.

A triangle made of brass with a height to base ratio of 2:1 increases in temperature. What will happen to the ratio after this change?

It stays 2:1

Select all of the following that are approximately equal to 1 u.

Mass of one proton Mass of one neutron

Select all of the following that help characterize the microscopic basis of the absolute pressure of a gas.

On the microscopic scale, the molecules in a gas are moving rapidly in random directions. The force that a gas exerts on a solid surface is due to the collisions between the gas molecules and the surface.

What drives the mixing of molecules so that concentrations even out?

Random thermal motion

What is meant by saying that two objects are in thermal equilibrium?

That they are the same temperature

If an ideal gas is held in a closed container at constant absolute temperature, then what happens to the absolute pressure if the volume is increased?

The absolute pressure will decrease.

Which of the following is described by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?

The distribution of speeds of particles in an ideal gas

A thin rectangular sheet of aluminum is heated uniformly. Initially the length of the sheet is greater than its width. Which of the following best describes what will happen?

The length of the rectangular sheet will increase more than its width.

How is the mean free path of a particle related to the number density (number of molecules occupying a given volume)?

The mean free path is inversely proportional to the number density.

How is the mean free path of a particle related to its size?

The mean free path is inversely proportional to the square of the radius.

Why does a coil made of a bimetallic strip wind tighter or unwind as the temperature changes?

The two metals have different coefficients of thermal expansion.

The temperature of a metal cube is decreased. What happens to the volume of the cube?

The volume decreases.

How is the average kinetic energy of particle in an ideal gas related to absolute temperature?

They are directly proportional.

Rank the following common molecules according to their molar masses, with the largest molar mass at the top and the smallest at the bottom.

carbon dioxide oxygen nitrogen 'water hydrogen

Select all of the following that represent the ideal gas law.

pV = NkT pV = nRT

Select all of the following that are equal to the volume coefficient of expansion.

β 3α

Rank the following according to number density, with the largest number density at the top and the smallest at the bottom.

1 1cm 1 1m 1000 1cm 1000 1m

Rank the following according to number density, with the largest number density at the top and the smallest at the bottom.

1 mol 1cm3 1 mol 1 m3 1000 1cm 3 10000 1m3

Select all of the following temperatures that are valid and expressed in SI units.

1,000,000 K 10 K

Ten seconds after a can of paint is opened, the root mean squared displacement in one direction of the paint molecules is 1.00 m. What is the root mean squared displacement in one direction of the paint molecules 20 seconds after the can is opened?

1.41 m

A collection of ideal gas molecules is held at constant absolute pressure. Rank the following absolute temperature increases in terms of the resulting volume increase, with the largest volume increase at the top and the smallest at the bottom. In all cases, the initial volume is 1 liter.

10 40 1000 3000 400 800

Which of the following temperatures is the lowest?

10 K

Which of the following temperatures is the highest?

10°C

How many laws of thermodynamics are there?

4

Select all of the following temperatures that could be substituted directly into the ideal gas law.

400 K 300 K

Rank the following temperatures, with the highest temperature at the top and the lowest at the bottom.

70 c 70f 70 k

Rank the following according to the number of molecules, with the largest number of molecules at the top and the smallest at the bottom.

70 mol 2 mol 10 -10 mol 40 molecules 8 molecules

Rank the following according to the reaction rate, with the largest reaction rate at the top and the smallest at the bottom.

7500 4x10 30000 2x10 15000 4x10 30000 4x10

A collection of ideal gas molecules is held at constant absolute temperature. Rank the following absolute pressure decreases in terms of the resulting volume increase, with the largest volume increase at the top and the smallest at the bottom. In all cases, the initial volume is 1 liter.

80 20 .6 .2 20 10

Select all of the following that are true regarding the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for an ideal gas.

A small increase in the absolute temperature of the ideal gas significantly increases the number of molecules that move rapidly. It depends on the absolute temperature of the ideal gas.

Select all of the following that are related by the ideal gas law.

Absolute pressure Volume Absolute temperature

If the temperature of an aluminum meter stick decreases from 70°F to 20°F, then what will happen to the meter stick?

It will contract.

If the temperature of a wooden meter stick increases from 30°C to 50°C, then what will happen to the meter stick?

It will expand.

If the number of ideal gas molecules per cubic meter doubled, then what would happen to their mean free path?

It would decrease by a factor of two.

A collection of ideal gas molecules is held at a constant absolute temperature, and its volume doubles. What happens to its absolute pressure?

Its absolute pressure decreases by a factor of 2.

A collection of ideal gas molecules is held at a constant absolute temperature, and its volume decreases by a factor of four. What happens to its absolute pressure?

Its absolute pressure increases by a factor of 4

A collection of ideal gas molecules is held at constant absolute pressure, and its volume decreases by a factor of five. What happens to its absolute temperature?

Its absolute temperature decreases by a factor of five.

What is the SI unit of temperature?

K

Match the scale on the left with the physical quantities on the right for the kinetic theory of the ideal gas.

Microscopic Position, velocity, and acceleration Macroscopic Volume, absolute pressure, and absolute temperature

Match the symbol with the correct quantity.

N molecules n moles Na avogradros number

Which of the following relationships is correct?

Number density is equal to mass density divided by atomic or molecular mass.

A bimetallic strip is made of two different materials. The metal on the right has a linear coefficient of expansion of 22 x 10-6 K-1, and the metal on the left has a linear coefficient of expansion of 19 x 10-6 K-1. The bimetallic strip will bend as a result of a temperature increase. Which side will be longer?

Right side

On which of the following does the pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of the container depend?

The amount of momentum transferred to the wall during a given collision. How many molecules there are in a given space. How often each molecule collides with the wall.

What is necessary for a chemical reaction?

The kinetic energy of the reactants must exceed the activation energy of the reaction.

Select all of the following statements that are true regarding the diffusion of ideal gas molecules.

The molecules diffuse from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. The effect of gravity on the velocities of the molecules is negligible during the short time intervals between collisions.

Select all of the following that help explain why the zeroth law of thermodynamics isn't called the first law of thermodynamics.

The zeroth law of thermodynamics is so fundamental that it should come before the first, second, and third laws. The zeroth law of thermodynamics was formulated historically after the first, second, and third laws.

An almost solid block of aluminum has little evacuated voids in it. What happens to the size of the voids as the temperature of the aluminum increases?

They get larger

Select all of the following temperature increases that would result in the average kinetic energy of an ideal gas doubling.

Ti = 300 K, Tf = 600 K Ti = 27°C, Tf = 327°C