CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE US HISTORY 1301
What was a source of conflict between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s?
Mexico had abolished slavery, but many American settlers were practicing slavery in Texas.
From 1848 to 1860, most of the railroad construction was in which region?
Midwest
Why were the Know-Nothings unable to curb the political influence of Irish immigrants?
Voting rights were being determined by race.
The northern opponents of the Compromise of 1850...
received a boost from President Zachary Taylor.
The Republican free labor ideology...
suggested that free labor and slave labor were essentially incompatible.
What do the authors of South Carolina's Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession present as the cause of their leaving the Union?
the North's increasing opposition to slavery.
Which 1854 document called for the United States to seize Cuba?
the Ostend Manifesto
President Martin Van Buren rejected adding Texas to the United States because...
the presence of the slaves there would reignite the issue of slavery, and he preferred to avoid it.
In the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act,...
the unity of the Democratic Party was shattered
The controversy over the arrest of escaped slaves in the North shows...
the unpopularity of the Fugitive Slave Act in parts of the North.
Which states did the constitutional Unionist candidate John Bell win in the 1860 election?
three states of the Upper South
In the first half of the nineteenth century, the United States gained the most territory through...
wars with Mexico
The Know-Nothing Party...
was dedicated to reserving political office for native-born Americans.
Which statement is true regarding Americans' reactions to the Mexican War of 1846-1848?
A majority of Americans were inspired by the expansionist fervor of manifest destiny to support the war.
Who questioned President Polk's right to declare war by introducing a resolution to Congress requesting that the president specify the precise spot where blood had first been shed?
Abraham Lincoln
What argument was made by critics of the Dred Scott decision such as James McCune Smith and John McLean?
All free person born on American soil were automatically citizens.
Which represents Abraham Lincoln's views on race in the 1850s?
Black men should have economic opportunities to better themselves.
In the Dred Scott decision, what was the primary reason given by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney for refusing to consider black American Citizens?
Blacks had been considered inferior in America for more than a century, including by the founding fathers.
Which was the dominant group in the disputed territory in southern Texas until the 1870s?
Comanches
The American Civil war began in April 1861, when...
Confederate forces fired upon and captured Fort Sumter.
Which was a result of the United States' victory in the Mexican War?
Control over valuable trading posts on the West Coast created a trading boom with the Far East.
The Republican Party founded in the 1850s strongly endorsed the same policy about slavery in the territories that __________ had begun advocating in 1846.
David Wilmot
In the late 1850s, a white slaveholder living in Mississippi most likely voted for candidates from which political party?
Democratic
Which is true of James K. Polk?
He is considered the first "dark horse" presidential candidate.
How did John Brown differ from other abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison?
He was willing to take violent action to end slavery.
Which two political figures agreed to keep the issue of annexing Texas out of the 1844 presidential campaign if possible?
Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren
How did the California gold rush affected the California economy?
It created a sense of competition between Americans and "foreign" miners.
What effect did the establishment of an extensive railway system have on the American economy?
It created economic connections between the Northwest and Northeast.
How did the Confederate Constitution differ from the federal Constitution?
It explicitly guaranteed the right to own slaves.
What di Taney's argument regarding citizenship in the Dred Scott decision imply about the nature of citizenship?
It is a social construct defined by those whom it pertains to.
Which is true of the Texas revolt?
It resulted in the creation of the independent Republic of Texas.
Which statement is true about the Mexican War of 1846-1848?
It was opposed by a significant minority in the North.
The opening of Japan to U.S trade led to what?
Japan becoming a modernized military power.
Who led the raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859?
John Brown
During the secession winter of 1860-1861, who offered the most widely supported compromise plan in Congress, which allowed the westward extension of the Missouri Compromise Line?
John Crittenden
The Republican presidential candidate in 1856 was...
John Fremont
Which event sparked Abraham Lincoln's reentry into politics?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Which was a result of the 1861 attack on Fort Sumter?
Lincoln succeeded in making the South fire the first shot.
Which position was taken by Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
Local self-government was essential in order for American to truly be a free county.
Which American naval officer negotiated a treaty that opened two Japanese ports to U.S ships in 1854?
Matthew Perry
The term "Californios" referred in the 1830s and 1840s to __________ in California.
Mexican cattle ranchers
What did Democratic and Whig Party lines crumble in 1846?
Northerners, regardless of party, supported the Wilmot Proviso, while southerners opposed it.
"Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to demands for American control of...
Oregon
In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot proposed to...
Prohibit slavery from all territory acquired from Mexico
Which is true of Texas during its time as an independent nation?
Relations between Anglos and Tejanos deteriorated.
Which is true of the Wilmot Proviso?
Response to the measure was determined by geography, with the North supporting it and the south opposing it.
What key component of the 1860 Republican platform had never before been part of a major party's platform?
Slavery should not be extended into new states and territories.
In 1860, which state became the first to pass an ordinance of secession and declare itself separated from the Union?
South Carolina
In the 1860 election, who was the presidential candidate to have significant support in all parts of the country?
Stephen Douglas
In the Texas borderland in the years after 1836,...
Tejanos were increasingly confined to unskilled agricultural and urban labor.
Why did slavery become more central to American politics in the 1840s?
Territorial expansion raised the question of whether new lands should be free or slave.
What was a key provision of the Compromise of 1850?
The New Mexico and Utah Territories would use popular sovereignty to decide on slavery.
What was ironic about the Fugitive Slave Act?
The South promoted states' rights, but with this law agreed to strong federal action.
Which of the following is an example of the political impact of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The Whig Party collapsed, and many disgruntled northerners joined the new Republican Party.
Which statement is true about the effects and aftermath of the 1857 Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v Sanford?
The decision in effect declared the Republican plan to restrict slavery's expansion unconstitutional.
What enabled the Californios to establish large cattle ranches in California?
The dissolution of mission landholdings by the Mexican government.
The Wilmot Proviso, admission of California into the Union, and the Missouri Compromise revealed what?
The extension of slavery was a volatile issue.
Who is identified as an "enemy" in Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession?
The federal government
Which did Southern leaders hope to gain by making the Texas territory part of the United States?
The territory could potentially be turned into several slave states.
Which statement is true regarding the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The treaty ceded California and present-day New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and Utah to the United States.
Which is true of California in the 1850s?
Thousands of Indian children were bought and sold as slaves.
The famous Lincoln-Douglas debates took place during the campaign for...
U.S senator from Illinois in 1858.
Which of the goals of the Polk Administration resulted in war?
acquiring California
The caning of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks...
actually helped the new Republican Party.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850...
allowed federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without a jury trial.
Which was a component of the Know-Nothing Party?
anti-Catholicism
The Free Soil Party...
appealed to northern working-class Americans who saw access to homesteads on western lands as the only possibility for economic independence.
Stephen Douglas's motivation for introducing the Kansas-Nebraska act was to...
boosts efforts to build a transcontinental railroad.
The Democratic Party split in 1860 over the question of whether to...
protect slavery in the territories or allow popular sovereignty in them.
The Dred Scott decision of the U.S Supreme Court...
declared that Congress could not ban slavery form territories.
The Free Soil Party...
demonstrated that antislavery sentiment had spread far beyond the abolitionist ranks.
One aspect of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 provided for what?
protection of large Mexican landowners in California.
During the Mexican War...
for the first time, U.S troops occupied a foreign capital.
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850...
gave new powers to federal officers to override local law enforcement.
When Democrats demanded the "reannexation" of Texas in 1844, they...
implied that Texas had once been part of the United States through the Louisiana Purchase.
During his debate with Abraham Lincoln in Freeport, Illinois, Stephen Douglas...
insisted that popular sovereignty was compatible with the Dred Scott decision.
What was the significance of the argument concerning the extension of slavery into territory acquired following the Mexican War?
it represented a struggle between the North and South for control of the federal government.
American settlement in Texas in the 1820s and 1830s...
led Stephen Austin to demand more autonomy from Mexican officials.
Republicans...
opposed the expansion of slavery.
The Lecompton Constitution was the...
proslavery constitution proposed for Kansas