Chapter 13 - The Physiology of Training

The average VO2 max value for the young male sedentary population is...

45 mL kg-1 min-1

In order to achieve improvements in VO2 max, highly trained individuals may need to train at intensities of...

95- 100% VO2 max

In terms of the factors that limit VO2 max, improvements elicited by endurance training generally first affect __________, and then _______________ after several weeks/ months.

cardiac output and A- VO2 difference

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in 3 things

decreased lactate formation, decreased utilization of muscle glycogen, sparing of blood glucose

Which of the following training adaptations does not result in lower lactate production?

increased glycogen utilization

Following an endurance training program, the oxygen deficit is smaller when the subject does the same work task. This is due to 2 things.

increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries

The increase in VO2 max following training is caused by an increase in 2 things.

max stroke volume and max A- VO2 difference

In the first 10 weeks of a resistance training program, the gains in strength are due primarily to

neural adaptations

The systemic process in which the volume and intensity of training are varied over time is

periodization

Following training, if the increase in maximal cardiac output is balanced with a decrease in peripheral resistance, the mean arterial blood pressure will

remain the same

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glyclytie capacity. This is an example of what training principle?

specificity

Cross- sectional studies show that the cardiovascular variable responsible for the large variation in VO2 max in the normal population is maximal

stroke volume

Following endurance training, maximal stroke volume is enhanced by an increased

venous return

Following endurance training, maximal cardiac output during exercise is increased due to an increase in ventricular muscle tissue thickness.

False

The initial decrease in VO2 max with detraining occurs because skeletal muscle adaptations (A-VO2 difference) are lost.

False

The majority of evidence demonstrates that resistance training induced muscle hypertrophy is the results of muscle fiber hyperplasia.

False

Following endurance training, after load decreases during maximal exercise because there is a decrease in sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in the arterioles of the exercising muscles.

True

In a "two legged" maximal cycle ergometer test, if each let were to vasodilate to the extent experienced in a one-legged VO2 max test, mean arterial blood pressure would fall below normal levels.

True

Lactate removal is greater following an endurance training program because blood flow to muscle is decreased, and liver blood flow is increased at the same work rate.

True

Reducing the number of motor units required to perform an exercise task may reduce the heart rate and ventilation required to perform the task.

True

Research indicates that anyone can increase his or her VO2 max training, yet a genetic predisposition is required to have a VO2 max comparable to that of an elite endurance athlete

True

Training that involves very high volumes and intensities of exercise may increase one's risk of developing an upper respiratory tract infection.

True

The changes in the heart rate ventilatory responses to a fixed sub maximal work rate are lower after an endurance training program. These changes are due primarily to changes in the

active skeletal muscle

The increase in the maximal A VO-2 difference is due to all of the following except

an increase in hemoglobin