Chapter 13 - Trace Minerals

Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for the iron? A) Ferritin B) Myoglobin C) Transferrin D) Hemoglobin

A) Ferritin

Which of the following is a true of the iron in the body? A) Most of the body's iron is recycled B) Main storage site for iron is the intestinal epithelium C) Iron is absorbed better from supplements than from foods D) Iron from the nonheme food sources is absorbed better than that from heme food sources

A) Most of the body's iron is recycled

Both deficiency and toxicity of iodine can cause thyroid enlargement and dysfunction. A) True B) False

A) True

Fluoride is not essential for normal growth and development. A) True B) False

A) True

Generally, only the young children are at risk of developing the fluorosis. A) True B) False

A) True

In the US, bleeding contributes the most to iron loss in the body A) True B) False

A) True

Treated tap water is the best source of fluoride in the diet. A) True B) False

A) True

Once absorbed, copper is bound to the ________ for transport. A) ceruloplasmin B) albumin C) transferrin D) metallothionein

A) ceruloplasmin

Research studies suggest that chromium may decrease the risk of developing A) diabetes. B) cardiovascular disease. C) cancer. D) hypertension.

A) diabetes.

The most common cause of the iodine deficiency is A) insufficient intake of iodine from the foods and water. B) overconsumption of other trace elements. C) overconsumption of anti-thyroid substances. D) pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone

A) insufficient intake of iodine from the foods and water.

Which of the following is a trace mineral? A) iron B) calcium C) sodium D) magnesium

A) iron

In glucose metabolism, the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle requires presence of which mineral A) manganese. B) copper. C) molybdenum. D) iron.

A) manganese.

All of the following decrease the iron absorption except A) vitamin C. B) phytates. C) oxalates. D) polyphenols.

A) vitamin C

Which of the following is an important function of the selenium? A) Helps blood to clot B) Antioxidant inhibiting the formation of the free radicals C) Acts as a cross-linking agent in the protein collagen D) Is an important natural food preservative

B) Antioxidant inhibiting the formation of the free radicals

Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of the hemoglobin? A) Iodine B) Copper C) Calcium D) Selenium

B) Copper

Because iron absorption is so tightly regulated, iron overload is impossible. A) True B) False

B) False

Consumption of the chromium can increase a lean body mass and reduce the body weight. A) True B) False

B) False

Which of the following is the richest source of iodine? A) Corn B) Seafood C) Orange juice D) Cruciferous vegetables

B) Seafood

Which of the following statements about the selenium is not true? A) Selenium has no known toxicity symptoms. B) Selenium is integral part of the metalloenzyme C) Selenium is required for the regulation of the thyroid hormones. D) Selenium content in plant foods depends on the soil conditions in which they were grown.

B) Selenium is integral part of the metalloenzyme

Which are the two trace minerals that the vegetarians may have a higher need for? A) copper and selenium B) calcium and zinc C) magnesium and copper D) iron and zinc

B) calcium and zinc

Which of the following is a characteristic of the zinc deficiency? A) small cell type anemia B) delayed growth and development C) frequent urination D) headaches and dizziness

B) delayed growth and development

Which of the following the food groups is abundant in copper? A) milk and cheese B) fruits and vegetables C) organ meats, seafood, nuts, and seeds D) chicken and poultry

B) fruits and vegetables

Which of the following trace minerals has an adult RDA that is higher for women than for the men? A) zinc B) iron C) copper D) iodine

B) iron

Functions of trace minerals include all of the following except A) maintenance of red blood cells. B) providing the energy. C) acting as cofactors. D) maintenance of bones and teeth.

B) providing the energy.

Which of the following is true about the trace minerals? A) A deficiency sign common to many trace minerals is dermatitis B) Deficiencies and the toxicities of the of trace minerals are not known to occur C) The amounts in the foods are dependent, in part, on the soil composition D) The amount of all trace minerals in the average person totals about 100 grams

C) The amounts in the foods are dependent, in part, on the soil composition

Which of the following foods, is the best source of iron? A) broccoli casserole B) whole-wheat bread C) hamburger D) watermelon slices

C) hamburger

Iron overload is also called as the A) ferrocyanosis. B) hemoglobinemia. C) hemochromatosis. D) hyperferrotosis.

C) hemochromatosis

All of the following trace minerals are integral to the structure of the metalloenzymes except A) selenium. B) zinc. C) iodine. D) molybdenum.

C) iodine.

According to one study, children who drank water with high levels of manganese experienced what symptom? A) higher risk of cancer B) stronger teeth and bones C) lower IQ scores D) improved eyesight

C) lower IQ scores

The oxidation of iron from the ferrous form to the ferric form requires a metalloenzyme containing _________. A) zinc. B) calcium. C) magnesium. D) copper.

C) magnesium.

All of the following are trace minerals except A) selenium. B) copper. C) potassium. D) zinc.

C) potassium

All of the following enhance the absorption of the iron except A) body's increased need for iron. B) presence of vitamin C. C) reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach. D) presence of the heme form of the iron.

C) reduced hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Taste and smell perception are associated with which mineral? A) iron B) zinc C) selenium D) chromium

C) selenium

Which of the following trace minerals is recycled back into the pancreas to be incorporated into pancreatic digestive juice? A) iron B) copper C) zinc D) selenium

C) zinc

Chromium deficiency is characterized by A) hypertension. B) enlargement of the thyroid gland C) enlargement of the liver. D) High blood sugar

D) High blood sugar

Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of the iodide for a person who lives inland? A) Fresh-water fish B) Plants of the cabbage family C) Locally grown produce D) Iodized table salt

D) Iodized table salt

Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children? A) Demineralization B) Growth retardation C) Hyperactivity D) Lower IQ and poor performance in school

D) Lower IQ and poor performance in school

Which of the following represents the most reliable dietary source of the zinc? A) Nuts and oils B) Milk and yogurt C) Fruits D) Meats and shellfish

D) Meats and shellfish

Once ferritin is saturated with the iron, additional iron can be stored as A) ferroportin. B) hemoglobin. C) transferrin. D) hemosiderin.

D) hemosiderin.

The most abundant trace mineral in the body is A) iodine. B) zinc. C) copper. D) iron.

D) iron.

Which of the following minerals carries the highest risk of the toxicity from consumption in the foods? A) chromium B) molybdenum C) iron D) manganese

D) manganese

Along with calcium and vitamin D, ________ may increase bone density and reduce the osteoporosis. A) zinc B) copper C) fluoride D) selenium

D) selenium

In which of the following types of the individuals is copper deficiency most likely to occur? A) adolescents B) premature babies entirely fed with the formula C) vegetarians D) the aged

D) the aged

All of the following statements are true of trace minerals except A) they are needed by the body in smaller amounts than macronutrients. B) overall they amount to less than 5 grams in the body. C) their daily dietary need is less than 20 milligrams. D) they can be destroyed by cooking.

D) they can be destroyed by cooking.

Consumptions of chromium can increase a lean body mass and reduce the body weight

False

Fluorosis increases the risk of dental cavities

False

Foods in general are a good source of fluoride

False

All of the following statements regarding the iron are true except A) Accidental consumption of supplements containing iron is a leading cause of poisoning deaths in children in the US. B) High doses of iron can cause symptoms of the gastrointestinal distress. C) Storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body and reduces the risk of infections. D) Cooking food in the iron pots and pans can increase the iron content in the food.

C) Storing large amounts of iron is beneficial for the body and reduces the risk of infections.

Generally only the young children are at risk of developing fluorosis

True

Which of the following transports iron across the intestinal wall into the portal vein

ferroportin