Chapter 14 & 15 Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

Sour tastes are the perception of which ion?

H+

Which location on the body has the largest region of somatosensory cortex representing it, according to the sensory homunculus?

lips

Physical stimuli, such as pressure and vibration, as well as the sensation of sound and body position (balance), are interpreted through a __________________________.

mechanoreceptor

What type of receptor cell is involved in the sensations of sound and balance?

mechanoreceptor

What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus?

medial forebrain bundle

When the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system shifts, such as when blood pressure changes, the coordination of the autonomic system can be accomplished within which region?

medulla

Which type of drug would be an antidote to atropine poisoning?

muscarinic agonist

Which drug acts as an ACh analog at these synapses, so when someone takes in the drug, it binds to these ACh receptors and activates the ganglionic neurons, causing them to depolarize?

nicotine

A drug that affects both divisions of the autonomic system is going to bind to, or block, which type of neurotransmitter receptor?

nicotinic

What type of receptor cell is responsible for transducing pain stimuli?

nociceptor

Which nerve projects to the hypothalamus to indicate the level of light stimuli in the retina?

optic

Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?

preganglionic parasympathetic

Which region of the frontal lobe is responsible for initiating movement by directly connecting to cranial and spinal motor neurons?

primary motor cortex

Which of the following is the correct order of locations in which sensory processing occurs in the cerebral cortex?

primary sensory cortex, association area, multimodal integration area

Which of the following is NOT a descending pathway traveled by the axons of Betz cells?

the spinothalamic tract

At the end of the auditory canal is the ___________________________, or ear drum, which vibrates after it is struck by sound waves.

tympanic membrane

Which region of gray matter in the spinal cord contains motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles?

ventral horn

Which of the following regions of the inner ear plays a major role in balance/equilibrium?

vestibule

Which extrapyramidal tract incorporates equilibrium sensations with motor commands to aid in posture and movement?

vestibulospinal tract

What type of reflex can protect the foot when a painful stimulus is sensed?

withdrawal reflex

Which kind of drug would have anti-anxiety effects?

α-blocker

Which of the following is NOT a drug that enhances adrenergic function?

β-blockers

What neurotransmitter will result in constriction of the pupil?

acetylcholine

Which signaling molecule is most likely responsible for an increase in digestive activity?

acetylcholine

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

acetylcholine decreases digestion

A drug is called an agonist if it ________.

acts like the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor

What gland produces a secretion that causes fight-or-flight responses in effectors?

adrenal medulla

What region of the limbic lobe is responsible for generating stress responses via the hypothalamus?

amygdala

When you are anxious or scared, the __________________ will send signals to the hypothalamus along the medial forebrain bundle that will stimulate the sympathetic fight-or-flight response.

amygdala

Which of these sensory modalities does not pass through the ventral posterior thalamus?

audition

Which of the following represents a sensory input that is not part of both the somatic and autonomic systems?

baroreception

A(n) ____________________________ is a receptor that is located near a stimulus in the external environment, such as the somatosensory receptors that are located in the skin. An

exteroceptor

Which of these cranial nerves is part of the gustatory system?

facial

Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?

facial, CN VII

With regards to sensory modality, mechanoreceptors in the skin, muscles, or the walls of blood vessels are examples of which type of sense?

general sense

What is the name for the topographical representation of the sensory input to the somatosensory cortex?

homunculus

Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems?

hypothalamus

Visual stimuli in the upper-left visual field will be processed in what region of the primary visual cortex?

inferior right

Which of the following is not a target of a sympathetic preganglionic fiber?

intermural ganglion

What is the name of the colored part of the eye?

iris

The functions of the prefrontal cortex include which of the following?

All of the above

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of the hypothalamus in the autonomic nervous system?

All of the above are true

Gustation refers to which sense?

Taste

What is another name for the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart?

cardiac accelerator nerve

Which of the following is a direct target of the vestibular ganglion?

cerebellum

The intimate connection between the olfactory system and the __________________________ is one reason why smell can be a potent trigger of memories and emotion.

cerebral cortex

Which of the following synapses of the autonomic system release acetylcholine (ACh)?

cholinergic

Which nucleus in the medulla is connected to the inferior colliculus?

cochlear nucleus

Which photoreceptor structures in the retina are responsible for allowing us to see color?

cones

One difference between a somatic reflex, such as the withdrawal reflex, and a visceral reflex, which is an autonomic reflex, is in the ______________________________.

efferent branch

For which of the following activities is the sympathetic nervous system generally responsible?

resting and digesting

Which region of the eye contains the rods and cones, as well as contains the nervous tissue responsible for photoreception?

retina

Axons from which neuron in the retina make up the optic nerve?

retinal ganglion cells

Which of the following tastes is NOT based on the activation of G protein-coupled receptors by a specific molecule?

salty

What is the name of the white part of the eye?

sclera

The somatosensory cortex provides an example in which, in essence, the locations of the somatosensory receptors in the body are mapped onto the somatosensory cortex. This mapping is often depicted using a ______________________________________.

sensory homunculus

What is the term for a reflex that does not include a CNS component?

short reflex

Which of the following is NOT controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscle

Which submodality of taste is sensitive to the pH of saliva?

sour

A drug that enhances adrenergic function is known as a __________________ drug.

sympathomimetic

Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma by opening airways wider?

sympathomimetic drug

Which of the following is the major descending tract that controls skeletal muscle movements?

the corticospinal tract