chapter-14 bio

offspring inherited characteristics that were acquired by their parents during their lifetime.

Although Lamarck hypothesized that adaptations to the environment did occur, he also believed that

antibiotics

Bacteria that cause ear infections have increased their resistance to antibiotics over time. Which of the following is the selective agent?

Refer to the figure shown here. Which of the following would not have been a selective agent or pressure that could lead to the reduction in hindlimbs through time?

Before moving into the ocean, smaller legs were advantageous to escaping predators on land

Interpreting this figure, which of the following is a similarity between Lamarck's proposal for evolution and Darwin's proposal?

Both scenarios expose the giraffes to an environmental pressure (or challenge).

Darwin and Wallace both concluded that species evolve through the process of natural selection. What similar experiences and information helped them both reach the same conclusion?

Both were naturalists.

the Earth must be very old.

Critical to the theory of evolution, Darwin needed to include an idea that was not generally accepted by scientists or society at that time. That idea was that

The molecule cytochrome c supports the theory of evolution as biochemical evidence. Which of the following is not part of that evidence?

Cytochrome c has evolved multiple times among many species.

expand the Navy's knowledge of natural resources around the world.

Darwin's primary mission on the HMS Beagle was to

Which of the following cannot be determined from the fossil record?

Evidence of every species that ever existed.

A finch population with heritable variation in beak size arrives on an island where only large seeds are available as a food source. Describe the process of natural selection that would follow.

Finches with larger beaks will more easily eat the large seeds and are thus more likely to survive and produce offspring with similarly large beaks. The frequency of large beaks within the population will increase.

inherit one arm.

Following Lamarck's ideas, if a person were to lose his arm in an accident, then that person's children would

Many species of finches, tortoises, cacti, and iguanas are found on the Galápagos Islands and nowhere else in the world. Which physical attribute of these islands has not played a role in permitting such unique life forms to evolve?

Food is plentiful and diverse on every island.

the processes that shape the Earth occur at a constant rate.

Lyell's theory of uniformitarianism stated that

What influence did the writings of Thomas Malthus have on Darwin's ideas of natural selection?

Malthus proposed that the human population grows faster than the food supply, meaning that death and famine are inevitable.

Which one of the following statements is true?

Natural selection can only work on variation that already exists. Correct

Which of the following is not a step in the process of natural selection?

People select which individuals breed and which ones do not.

What do transitional fossils illustrate?

Shared ancestral traits.

Which type of snail would be best suited to hide from predators if this population existed in a variable (mixed patches of light and dark areas) environment?

The multicolored (variable) snails would most easily hide from predators.

Which is not an important characteristic of the Galápagos Islands in the context of Darwin's theory of evolution?

The multiple islands all had an identical environment.

each have adapted in very similar ways to similar habitats.

The sugar glider in Australia and the flying squirrel in North America are both small mammals with large expanses of loose skin between their forelimbs and hindlimbs, allowing them to glide from tree to tree within their respective forest habitats. These two species are not evolutionarily related but are very similar in their overall appearance. Darwin's explanation for their similarity is that

type of vegetation available to eat

Tortoises in the Galápagos possessed neck lengths unique to each island. Neck lengths appear to be an adaptation to which selective agent?

Many people refer to Alfred Russel Wallace as the "father of biogeography." Which of the following contributions led Wallace to achieve this title?

Wallace described a sharp line dividing Australian species from Asian species. Correct

Why are Australian mammals all marsupial while mammals on other continents are mostly placental?

When the continents separated from one another, marsupials on Australia did not have the placental competitors that were present in the Americas.

different styles of potatoes: fried, mashed, baked, etc.

Which of the following is not an example of artificial selection?

Broccoli, kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, and cauliflower were all derived from the single wild species. This diversity is a result of

artificial selection.

The fact that DNA is the molecule containing the genetic code for all life on Earth is a part of

biochemical evidence.

As you hike up a mountain, you realize that the plants and animals present at the base are not the same as those at the top. This observation is the basis of

biogeography.

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of

common ancestry.

What characteristics of Archaeopteryx tell us that it is a link to reptiles and birds?

feathers and teeth

that the Earth and its organisms slowly changed through time

hich of the following concepts would not have been supported by Georges Cuvier?

The wing of a penguin and the wing of an eagle are

homologous structures.

Wings of insects and birds are results of convergent evolution. This means that

insects and birds have each independently evolved structures that serve the same function (flight) but have done so in very different ways.

Natural selection results in

offspring that is better adapted to their current environment. Correct

Fitness refers to

reproductive success.

When hiking high in the mountains, you find fossil marine shells lying about. This provides evidence that

the mountain top was once under the ocean and has been uplifted.

Monkeys in the New World (the Americas) have prehensile tails, strong flexible tails that grip branches and operate much like another hand. Old World (Africa and Asia) monkeys do not have such a tail. The explanation for this is

the prehensile tail evolved in New World monkeys after the Americas separated from Africa and Asia

he presence of vestigial organs supports evidence of evolution because

the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor.

was undergoing slow and continuous cycles of erosion and uplift.

yell's Principles of Geology was the first text to give evidence that the Earth