Chapter 14
Teenagers have _____ rate of gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydia when compared to sexually active people of other age groups.
a higher
Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Janet will have _____ than Carlos.
a higher proportion of body fat
In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____.
aggression and antisocial behavior in boys
Adolescent acne is usually caused by _____.
an increase in skin oils and sweat
One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is _____.
anxiety about their body image
In many nations, including the United States, rates of sexual activity among boys and girls _____.
are almost even
William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicated to _____.
be a school leader as an adolescent
Once a week, Candace locks herself in her bedroom and gorges on cookies, cakes, ice cream, and other snack foods. She eats until her stomach hurts and this has been going on for 5 months. Candace is very private about her eating binges and is embarrassed and depressed over her out-of-control eating. Candace is demonstrating characteristics of _____.
binge-eating disorder
Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at one sitting and then makes herself vomit. She also takes laxatives for weight control. Josefina MOST likely suffers from _____.
bulimia nervosa
Henry is an adolescent who experiences sleep deprivation, which makes him more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT _____.
epilepsy
According to research, women who were abused have temporary but not lifelong alteration of their cortisol responses.
False
Anita is within the normal range for weight, but she uses laxatives in order to control her severe overconsumption of calories. Anita suffers from anorexia.
False
One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____.
growth of fingers and toes
In the United States, ____ of all new STIs occur in people ages 15 to 25.
half
Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____.
her hips growing wider
The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the _____.
hypothalamus
The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.
hypothalamus
The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is the _____.
hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis
Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet?
iron and calcium
A young boy experienced ongoing sexual abuse until he was 15. Now that he is a grown man, it is likely that he _____.
is depressed and has difficulty with sex or psychosocial issues
Jill learned in health class that _____ is a hormone that is necessary for puberty.
leptin
Which of the following has NOT been associated with early maturation among girls?
less alcohol use
A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were _____.
likely to get a divorce as an adult
During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.
limbic system; prefrontal cortex
Stress, especially when prolonged, _____.
may contribute to an early onset of puberty
Family stress decreases hormone production during puberty.
False
Late-maturing girls tend to have a worse body image than their early-maturing peers do.
False
Most American high-school students eat the recommended amount of vegetables daily.
False
Most teens are fairly satisfied with their physical appearance.
False
Secondary sex characteristics involve reproductive organs such as the uterus and testes.
False
Which individual would be at the greatest risk for diet deficiencies?
George, who was born in 1990 and is 18 years old
Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. A few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision-making?
His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped
Hormonal increases directly lead to interest in sex.
True
In many cases, perpetrators of child sexual abuse are someone the victim knows well.
True
In the United States, STIs are overrepresented among 15- to 25-year-olds, even though this age group is underrepresented among all the sexually active adults.
True
Many adolescents enjoy intense sensory experiences due to the difference in maturation rate between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex.
True
Pubertal changes begin between the ages 8 and 14.
True
Studies suggest that genes influence the timing of puberty.
True
Which statement about teen sexual activity is FALSE?
Youth continue to report sexual activity at younger and younger ages.
Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____.
penis growth
Holly, age 13, notices that her hips are widening and her breasts are developing. Holly is noticing changes in her _____ sex characteristics.
secondary
Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?
secular trend
While visiting an exhibit on seventeenth-century life, Hannah noticed that the adult clothing and shoes seemed to be quite small. The curator explained that current generations are taller than past generations due to _____.
secular trend
Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.
stress
Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience _____.
teasing from boys her age
Young people who are sexually exploited/abused _____.
tend to devalue themselves throughout life
Which developed nation has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy?
the United States
For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.
the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche
Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by _____.
the growth of the heart and lungs
The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day.
1,300;500
Marcella just gave birth to a baby who is preterm and low-birthweight. In addition, Marcella experienced high blood pressure throughout her pregnancy. Marcella is most likely _____ years old.
15
Which of the following individuals is most likely going to take dramatic risks in order to gain peer approval?
15-year-old Kevin
Recent studies report that ____ percent of teenagers say that social network sites hurt their body confidence.
86
For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.
8;14
According to research on sexual behaviors in young adolescents, which European American girl is more likely to engage in sexual intimacy?
Faith, who has low self-esteem
The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have started puberty at the latest age?
Louis, born in 1910
Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?
There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.
A person with anorexia nervosa has a BMI of 18 or lower.
True
Both boys and girls produce androgens and estrogens.
True
Deepening of the voice is among the last signs of pubertal changes in males.
True
During adolescence, the heart doubles in size, the pulse rate decreases, and blood pressure increases.
True
During their growth spurt, females gain more fat than males do.
True
Mila told a friend that she doesn't like the way her legs look in her new volleyball uniform. She said she hates her body, and expressed a desire to lose a lot of weight. Mila's concerns likely reflect _____.
poor body image
Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced _____.
precocious puberty
The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called "_____."
puberty
Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of _____.
reproduction
The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____.
the onset of nipple growth
