Chapter 14 LearnSmart

According to the path-goal theory, which of the following are the four kinds of leadership behaviors that motivate subordinates?

Achievement, Directive, Supportive, Participative.

Which type of power gives managers the ability to punish others?

Coercive

Job-centered behaviors and employee-centered behaviors, identified by researchers at the University of Michigan, correspond directly to initiating structure and ______ behaviors respectively.

Consideration

Among the first to acknowledge and explain that leadership effectiveness is reliant on both the situation and the person and why a leader is effective in one situation and ineffective in another is Fred E. Fielder's ______ model of leadership.

Contingency

Leaders with high emotional intelligence most likely have the ability to:

Develop a vision for the organizations and motivate their subordinates to commit to and achieve the vision; Encourage creativity.

Research suggests that men and women in leadership positions in organizations tend to exhibit different leadership styles. Which of the following correctly characterize women's leadership styles?

Engage in less consideration than men; Participative, includes subordinates in decision making

When leaders exhibit positive moods, group members ______

Experience positive moods

Effective leaders best use their ______ power when guiding or coaching subordinates rather than leading with arrogance.

Expert

True or false. A charismatic "larger-than-life" leader often takes a company down a slippery slope due to risky decisions.

False

True or false: According to Blake and Mouton, effective leaders need to have a high level of concern for production, but not necessarily a high level of concern for people.

False

True or false: Managers either engage in initiating structure behavior or consideration behavior, but not both

False

In what way did coworkers rate relationship-oriented leaders?

High-LPC

For leaders to maintain their expert power, what measures must they take?

Keep up with changes in the field and be aware of momentous changes in the company environment

What is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs activities to help achieve group or organizational goals?

Leadership

Monique and Mario are in similar middle management positions. An employee has submitted a comment that her manager is very hard on her. According to the stereotype, to which manager might this comment apply?

Mario

In which of the following situations is a relationship-oriented leader most effective?

Moderately favorable situations

Situations are ______ for leading when leader-member relations are good.

More favorable

Compared to male managers, female managers tend to be ______, and women do not engage in ______ than men.

More participative; more consideration.

According to Hersey and Blanchard, leaders should consider the ______ of their subordinates when trying to determine the extent to which they should use supportive behaviors and task-oriented behaviors.

Nature

How can effective managers increase their expert power?

Obtain additional education or training; Stay up-to-date on technology; Get involved in professional associations; Read widely to remain aware of changes in the task or general environment

Research suggests that women in leadership roles tend to be more ______ than men are. Two factors contributing to this are that women tend to use this approach to overcome resistance and encourage subordinate trust and respect; and women are able to adopt this approach because they have better interpersonal skills.

Participative

According to the ______ theory, leaders can help motivate subordinates to achieve goals by: (1) identifying the outcomes that the subordinates are trying to obtain from the workplace, (2) rewarding subordinates for high performance and attainment of work goals, and (3) clarifying for subordinates the paths that lead to the attainment of work goals.

Path-goal

Which of the following statements about charismatic leaders is true?

People trust and admire them.

Fiedler determined that _____-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations and _____-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are either very favorable or very unfavorable.

Relationship; Task

What is one of the five sources of managerial power?

Reward

What is it called when managers have the power to give or withhold incentives?

Reward Power

U.S. organizations tend to have a _____ profit orientation.

Short-term

Fred E. Fiedler's contingency model posits that effective leadership relies on characteristics of the leader and of the

Situation

What are the basic leadership styles described by Fred E. Fiedler?

Task-Oriented; Relationship- Oriented.

_____ leaders are primarily concerned with ensuring that employees perform at a high level and focus on job accomplishment.

Task-oriented

Which of the following are Fiedler's two basic leader styles?

Task-oriented; Relationship- Oriented.

Which of the following represents a stereotype of women in leadership positions?

That they are nurturing, supportive, and concerned with interpersonal relations

Which of the following is true of task-oriented leaders?

They tend to describe the least preferred coworkers in negative terms.

Transformational leadership is useful ______.

To all organizations

What is an example of management empowering their employees?

Turning decision-making responsibilities over to the managers' employees

Oscar knows that Amber is one of his most talented employees. However, Amber is not performing well on routine, monotonous tasks despite the fact that she excels on more complicated tasks. Oscar should use ______ leadership behaviors to motivate Amber

achievement-oriented

Reward power is more likely to have positive side effects than ____ power

coercive

Researchers at the University of Michigan identified two categories of leader behaviors, ______ behaviors and job-centered behaviors, which correspond closely to consideration and initiating structure behavior, respectively.

employee-centered

Task-oriented leaders are primarily concerned with:

ensuring that employees perform at a high level and focus on job accomplishment.

When leader-member relations are positive, there is a situation that is _____ for leading.

favorable

Initiating structure and consideration are ______ leader behaviors.

independent

Leaders with high emotional ______ tend to be more effective because they are able to develop a vision for their organization, motivate their subordinates to commit to this vision, and energize them to enthusiastically work to achieve this vision.

intelligence

According to the ______, characteristics of the subordinate, characteristics of the situation or context, and empowered employees or self-managed work teams can act in place of the leadership.

leader substitutes model

Women tend to be more ______ as leaders than are men, involving subordinates in decision making and seeking their input.

participative

Robert Blake and Jane Mouton advise that both a concern for people and a concern for ______ are necessary to be effective leaders.

production

According to the path-goal theory, you should find out what outcomes your employees are trying to obtain from their job and then use ____ power to distribute or withhold the path-goal.

reward

According to the path-goal theory, you should find out what outcomes your employees are trying to obtain from their job and then use ______ power to distribute or withhold the path-goal.

reward

As opposed to coercive power, managers could use ______ power, i.e., a pay raise or time off, to accomplish many of the same objectives. However, the latter offers better results and a more ethical workplace that respects employees' dignity.

reward

Once managers have identified what outcomes subordinates are trying to obtain from the workplace, they can use ______ power to help subordinates obtain those outcomes, such as using pay incentives.

reward

The second guideline of the path-goal theory is ______.

reward subordinates for high performance and goal attainment with the outcomes they desire.

According to the leadership ______ theory, a characteristic of the subordinate acts in place of the leader, which makes leadership unnecessary.

subsitutes

According to the research, not only do men and women tend to exhibit similar leader behaviors but they also ______.

tend to be equally effective.

Hershey and Blanchard suggest that leaders should use ______ to determine the extent to which they should perform the two leader behaviors.

the nature of their subordinates

Early models of leadership focused on characteristics or that ____ cause effective leadership.

traits

What type of managers are effective in changing their employees by (1) making them aware of how important their job is to the organization; (2) making them aware of their own needs for personal growth, development, and accomplishment; and (3) motivating them to work for the good of the organization as a whole?

transformational

Effective managers use their reward power to show appreciation, while ineffective managers ______.

use rewards to control subordinates