Chapter 14 part 1

Mental health experts define a psychological disorder as...

"a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or development process underlying mental functioning"

Identifying the causes of psychological disorders requires us to pull together multiple threads leading from:

1. genetics 2. biological 3. cognitive 4. developmental 5. social aspects

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

A disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior

abnormal

Latin prefix "ab" means "away from" and "norma" means "the rule." In other words, abnormal behavior is literally behavior that is not typical, usual, or regular.

Interactome

a map of all interactions among proteins in a cell

Allen Frances

a psychiatrist who chaired the task force in charge of writing the DSM-IV. Expressed a concern that the committee's well-meaning efforts has led to three "false epidemics". Attention deficit disorder, autism, and childhood bipolar disorder. The DSM-5 was even worse

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

a system for classification of psychological disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

first published by the World Health Organization (WHO)

autism

literally means "within oneself

Philippe Pinel

often called "the father of modern psychiatry." After observing the more humane treatment of inmates by a former patient turned employee named Jean-Baptiste Pussin at Bicetre Hospital outside Paris, Pinel followed Pussin's example by removing the patients' iron shackles

Because most members of one culture may behave in ways different from those of people in another, the __________________________ approach to abnormality might result in different definitions of psychological disorder from one culture to the next

purely statistical

Neurodevelopmental disorders

refers to disorders that instead are diagnosed typically in childhood yet often continute throughout life, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Abnormal psycohlogy

the study of psychological disorders

Many researchers believe that a failure to develop a normal _________________________ is responsible for many of the social deficits observed in ASD

theory of mind

Comorbid

two or more disorders occur at the same time

Abnormal behavior is...

unusual, distressing, and harmful to self or others

Leo Kanner

worked with a group of children who shared problems in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. His observations form the basis of our current diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder