Chapter 14 Review Questions

The physical symptoms of _____ often accompany major depression.

anxiety

The most common type of schizophrenia is the _____ type

paranoid

Psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema and her colleagues have studied gender differences in the prevalence of major depression. What conclusions did they reach?

Women seem to be more vulnerable to major depression because they experience a greater degree of chronic stress in daily life combined with a lesser sense of personal control than men.

Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to _____ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to _____.

anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

According to the catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder, people with panic disorder:

are likely to misinterpret and exaggerate the meaning of their normal physical sensations and may be the victims of their own illogical thinking.

According to the information presented in the Critical Thinking box on smoking and psychological disorders, people with a psychological disorder:

are nearly twice as likely to smoke cigarettes as people who do not have a psychological disorder

Which of the following disorders is characterized by severely impaired social and communication skills, including delayed or a complete lack of language development?

autistic disorder

When a person is driven to perform repetitive behaviors in a particular sequence or pattern, he or she is said to be experiencing a(n):

compulsion.

Danny, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, falsely believes that outside forces in the form of aliens from another universe have power over him and actively influence and manipulate his actions and thoughts. These types of delusions are called

delusions of being controlled

Miguel's wife brought him to the emergency room because Miguel could not remember his name, the names of his family members, where he worked, or any other information he should easily be able to remember. Extensive tests at the hospital indicated that Miguel's memory problems were not due to an injury, an illness, drugs, or any other physical or medical condition. A clinical psychologist suggested that Miguel might be suffering from

dissociative amnesia.

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by

erratic, unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image, and desperate efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment.

Darlene is constantly nervous, tense, and apprehensive. She worries about her health, her job, her children, and her relatives. Her husband has tried to reassure her that everything is going well, but she can't seem to shake her pervasive anxiety. Darlene is probably experiencing:

generalized anxiety disorder

The term _____ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders

psychopathology

Jayne was in a fast-food restaurant when a man walked in, drew a gun, and started shooting, killing two people before killing himself. Although Jayne was not injured in the shooting spree, she has since been unable to return to work. She can't seem to stop thinking about the event. She has recurrent nightmares, is unable to sleep, and does not want to leave her home. It is most likely that Jayne is suffering from

post-traumatic stress disorder

Rebecca is 17 years old, weighs 86 pounds, has a BMI of 13.5, and has been hospitalized with a diagnosis of severe anorexia nervosa. Which of the following symptoms is Rebecca likely to experience

Her menstrual cycle will stop.

The acronym "DSM-5" stands for

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition

Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?

More women than men attempt it but more men succeed

Which of the following involves the development of a phobia through operant conditioning

Avoiding the feared object or situation is negatively reinforcing, so the person is more likely to avoid the feared object or situation again in the future.

Norman displays many schizophrenic symptoms, both positive and negative, including random auditory hallucinations that don't follow any particular theme, peculiar thoughts and behavior, frequent inappropriate laughing mixed with aggressive shouting, and echoing words spoken by others. Norman would probably be diagnosed as suffering from the _____ type of schizophrenia.

undifferentiated

The most consistent brain abnormality that researchers have found in people with schizophrenia is enlargement of the

ventricles.

The main symptom of a disorder called _____ is frequent, unpredictable, and unexpected panic attacks

panic disorder

Dan became furious when the waitress made a mistake on his bill. He accused her of trying to rip him off even though she tried to apologize for her mistake. When the wind blew some paper onto his lawn, Dan was angry, convinced his neighbor had thrown it there on purpose. This type of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others is characteristic of:

paranoid personality disorder

By definition _____ are inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual's culture.

personality disorders

The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual was published in:

1952.

Based upon their genetic relationship to a person with schizophrenia, which of the following people has the greatest risk of developing schizophrenia

Anne, whose biological mother and biological father have schizophrenia

Paige is 20 years old and started smoking when she began dating Garrett, who smokes. Since breaking up with Garrett about four months ago, she continued to smoke. Currently, Paige smokes almost two packs of cigarettes per day. Which of the following statements is accurate?

Because she is a heavy smoker, statistically Paige has about a 50 percent chance of experiencing major depression

Research has investigated whether people with mental disorders are significantly more violent and dangerous than other groups of people. What was the basic finding of that research?

People who have a severe mental disorder in which they are delusional or hallucinating have a slightly higher level of violent behavior than people who do not have a mental disorder.

Anne, whose biological mother and biological father have schizophrenia

They all suffered from episodes of major depression.

Anita is experiencing major depression. Compared to people who are not depressed, Anita is more likely to:

have a diminished ability to think, concentrate, and remember

Keith was surprised when his boss invited a co-worker to lunch but did not invite him. At first, Keith was convinced that he had not been invited because they wanted to discuss Keith's job performance at lunch. Later, the co-worker told Keith that the boss had taken her to lunch to tell her that she was being laid off. Privately, Keith was relieved because it now made perfect sense to him why he had not been invited to lunch. In this scenario, Keith appears to be

having normal thought processes.

Compared to a typical episode of major depression, the manic and depressive symptoms of an episode of bipolar disorder tend to:

last for a much shorter period of time.