CHAPTER 14- SOLIDS Section 1 Vocab & Even Questions

1. Kinetic Theory-

is an explanation of how the particles in gases behave.

7. Plasma

matter that has enough energy to overcome not just the attractive forces between its particles but also the attractive forces within its atoms.

8. Thermal Expansion

- increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased.

4. Boiling point

- temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid.

1Q. Describe the movement of the particles in solids, liquids, and gases.

1A. Solids- the particles move very slowly and cannot overcome the attraction towards each other. Liquids- the particles are constantly moving, but not as fast as particles made up in gas- they are less able to overcome their attractions to each other. Gases- The particles are constantly in motion and colliding with each other- does not have a fixed volume or shape- can spread out so it can fill any space.

2Q. State the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory.

2A. The basic assumption of the kinetic theory is that matter is composed of tiny particles that are in constant, random motion. The particles collide with each other with walls of any container in which they are held. And the amount of energy that the particles lose from the collisions is insignificant.

3Q. Describe how the particles of a substance behave at its melting point.

3A. Particles of a substance behave at its melting point by slipping out of the ordered arrangement of a solid due to energy that is required.

4Q. Describe how the particles of a substance behave at its boiling point.

4A. The particles of a substance behave at its boiling point by not being able to escape because of external pressure pushing down on the liquid.

5Q. How would the heating curve for glass be different from the heating curve for water?

5A. The heating curve for glass would be different from the heating curve for water because water has a strange behavior while glass also has a strange behavior but is different because it lacks the repeating crystalline structure of solids like ice, or water. Glass becomes soft and impressionable as temperature increases.

6Q. Using the graph in Figure 7, describe the energy changes that are occurring when water goes from -15 C to 120 C

6A. The changes that occur from the temperature differences shown in the graph shows that when the thermal energy is continuously added, the temperature increases. term-6

5. Heat of vaporization

amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas.

6. Sublimation

process of a solid changing directly to a gas without forming a liquid.

3. Heat of Fusion

the energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point.

2. Melting Point

the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.