chapter 14, the autonomic nervous system

big difference of these two divisions:

1. the nerves originate at different sites in your body. sympathetic fibers are thoracolumbar; parasympathetic nerves are both above and below sympathetic nerve fibers 2. their gangliac(ganglia: where neuron synapses occur). sympathetic ganglia are closer to the spinal cord because of "fight or flight"; parasympathetic ganglia are near or inside their effector organs 3. their neurons themselves have slightly different forms, namely the length of their axons. in sympathetic preganglionic fibers are shorter than the postganglionic fibers; in parasympathetic, the opposite is true 4

major neurotransmitters released by ANS neurons are

acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE)

two major classes of adrenergic (NE-binding) receptors:

alpha beta

sympathetic nervous system

amps you up and prepares you for activity

watch crash course sympathetic video #14

and parasympathetic #15

the effects of ACh and NE on their effectors are not consistently excitatory or inhibitory why not?

b/c action of of any neurotransmitter depends on the receptor to which it binds.

match the peripheral nerve to the plexus it originates from radial nerve

brachial plexus

match the peripheral nerve to the plexus it originates from phrenic nerve

cervical plexus

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

compliment each other (*called dual innervation*) think harry potter and hermoine, or sherlock and watson

its effects on your organs, muscles and glands are by no means

consistent at any given time, ANS is constantly making, involuntary, fine-tuned adjustments to your body based on what signals your CNS is picking up ex: changing body temp, sending extra blood to a particular area, slowing heartbeat or tweaking stomach secretions

again, the structure of each of these symptoms is related to its

function

your autonomic nervous system is the branch of your PNS that regulates

functions of your internal organs, like heart, stomach, and also controls smooth and cardiac muscles, and your glands

the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous systems cooperatively modulate...

internal physiology to maintain homeostasis

nerve endings that monitor blood pressure, thirst, blood pH levels are classified as ______

interoceptors

match the peripheral nerve to the plexus it originates from femoral nerve

lumbar plexus

the two types of cholinergic (ACh-binding) receptors are named for drugs that bind to them and ___________ ACh's effects -nicotinic receptors respond to nicotine -muscarinic receptors, the other set of ACh receptors, can be activated by the mushroom poison muscarine -all ACh receptors are either nicotinic or muscarinic

mimic

the 31 pair of spinal nerves originate in the spinal cord, and are ___________ nerves.

mixed

"resting and digesting", responsible for maintaining your body and conserving energy for later

parasympathetic

match the peripheral nerve to the plexus it originates from sciatic nerve

sacral plexus

the hardware behind the famous "fight or flight" response, synonymous with stress

sympathetic

together they are what make your body experience stress, fear, relaxation, and defiance, courage and cowardice, panic and peace

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

parasympathetic nervous system

talks you down and effectively undoes what the sympathetic nervous system did

somatic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements through the skeletal muscles and mediation of involuntary reflex arcs

autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls visceral functions that occur below the level of consciousness

this weird little corner of your nervous system that keeps you alive is actually run by two competing interests

two divisions that serve the same organs, but create opposite effects in them, battling it out back and forth, to either excite your body's functions or subdue them sympathetic nervous system + parasympathetic nervous system

hearing and equilibrium is the result of which cranial nerve?

vestibulocochlear nerve