Chapter 14: The Civil War

Why was the mortality rate for African American soldiers higher than for white soldiers?

diseases from the long, arduous hours they worked in unsanitary conditions

The battle of Gettysburg in 1863 resulted in a

dramatic Union victory.

Over the course of the war, agricultural and industrial production in the South

dropped by more than a third.

The 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act was designed to help

education.

The Confederacy's use of paper money to finance its war operations could best be characterized as

a disappointing and problematic failure.

Which of the following describes the significance of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry?

It was a black regiment.

Which of the following battlefield issues constituted an advantage for the North?

the amount of war materials it was able to produce and transport

Why did Lee propose that his troops invade Pennsylvania during the siege of Vicksburg?

-in the hopes that a win on northern soil would entice the Europeans to come to the Confederacy's aid-in the hopes that the war -weary North would quit the war before Vicksburg fell -to divert Union troops north

Which of the following are true of the second Confiscation Act?

-It authorized the president to employ African Americans as soldiers. -It declared free the slaves of persons supporting the insurrection.

The use of new armaments had which of the following results on the battlefield?

-Soldiers learned to stay low to the ground and behind cover during combat. -Battlefields grew more chaotic and deadly.

Which of the following general advantages did the North possess over the South?

-a larger industrial base -a larger and more advanced rail network -a larger population

By the time Lincoln took office as president, how many states had seceded from the Union?

7

Which group was the primary target of the riots that erupted in New York City in 1863 in response to the draft?

African Americans

What cities were the focus of the two great offensives of 1864?

Atlanta and Richmond

How did Confederate President Jefferson Davis obtain his office?

He was provisionally appointed by the constitutional convention and then won a general election.

Which of the following is true of the United States Sanitary Commission?

It mobilized a large number of female nurses to serve in field hospitals.

Which of the following statements about American deaths during the course of Civil War is accurate?

More people died in the Civil War than in World War I or World War II.

The ______ Act transferred substantial public acreage to the state governments, which could now sell the land and use the proceeds to finance public education.

Morrill

Who is credited with the invention of the repeating rifle in 1860?

Oliver Winchester

Long the hotbed of Southern separatism, ______ was the first state to withdraw from the Union.

South Carolina

True or false: Occupational opportunities for women throughout the South grew over the course of the war.

True (Reason: Because the war left the South with many widows and a labor shortage, a variety of occupations there had to admit women for the first time.)

True or false: Unlike Lincoln, Jefferson Davis had a strict regard for legal and constitutional requirements.

True (Reason: Davis did concentrate on routine matters at the expense of national leadership.)

True or false: Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose 9,000 percent.

True (Reason: The printing of Confederate money to pay for the war resulted in disastrous inflation—a 9,000-percent increase in prices during the course of the war.)

How long did the Civil War last?

four years

What was the primary purpose of the National Women's Loyal League?

to abolish slavery and obtain suffrage for women

What was the primary purpose of the Confiscation Act of 1861?

to declare that all slaves used for the purposes of insurrection would be considered freed

What strategy did General Grant pursue after becoming chief of all the Union armies?

use the North's troop and material advantages to overwhelm the South

Which of the following groups constituted the majority of the federal government's armed forces?

volunteers in state militias