chapter 15

79) When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive A) red. B) blue. C) green. D) white. E) blackness.

white.

78) Considering the wavelengths of light received and abundance of various photoreceptors, which color is best received by the retina? A) purple B) yellow C) bright red

yellow

63) The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by A) moving up and down. B) moving in and out. C) changing shape.

changing shape.

1) The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air. A) pressure B) chemicals C) proteins

chemicals

59) What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision? A) aqueous humor B) ciliary body C) iris D) extrinsic eye muscles E) none, because the lens is rigid

ciliary body

42) The cornea is part of the A) fibrous layer. B) iris. C) neural layer. D) uvea. E) fibrous layer and the neural layer

fibrous layer.

15) Gustatory receptors are found in the taste buds of all the following papillae except A) vallate. B) foliate. C) fungiform. D) filiform.

filiform.

37) All of the following is a function of tears except A) lubricates the eye. B) washes away debris. C) provides oxygen. D) nourishes the cornea and conjunctiva. E) maintains acidic environment.

maintains acidic environment.

117) The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in A) ampullae. B) cristae. C) cupulae. D) maculae. E) otoconia.

maculae.

16) Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. A) papillae B) flagella C) cilia D) microvilli

microvilli

96) The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the A) auricle. B) membranous labyrinth. C) bony labyrinth. D) pharyngotympanic tube

pharyngotympanic tube

76) A ________ is a basic unit or packet of light energy. A) wavelength B) color C) photon D) rhodopsin E) vibration

photon

73) An elongate outer layer containing membranous discs and a narrow connecting stalk that attaches the outer segment to the middle layer describes a(n) A) bipolar cell. B) photoreceptor. C) ganglion cell.

photoreceptor.

77) The visual receptors of the retina are called A) photoreceptors. B) ganglion cells. C) bipolar cells.

photoreceptors.

49) The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the A) anterior chamber. B) posterior chamber. C) pupil. D) canal of Schlemm. E) vitreous body.

posterior chamber.

31) All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands except that they A) produce a strongly hypertonic fluid. B) produce most of the volume of tears. C) produce lysozyme. D) produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions. E) are located in recesses in the frontal bones.

produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.

32) The palpebrae do not A) remove dust and debris. B) contain tarsal glands. C) cover and protect the eye. D) keep the eye lubricated. E) produce tears.

produce tears.

43) All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye except that it A) consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea. B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye. C) produces aqueous humor. D) contributes substantial focusing power. E) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.

produces aqueous humor.

38) The opening in the iris through which light passes is the A) conjunctiva. B) cornea. C) pupil. D) anterior chamber. E) posterior chamber

pupil.

75) There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated A) red, yellow, and blue. B) red, green, and blue.

red, green, and blue.

64) When light encounters a medium of different density, it is bent or A) reflected. B) refracted. C) absorbed.

refracted.

80) Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound A) retinal. B) opsin. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) cGMP.

rhodopsin.

88) In the retina, the correct sequence of neural wiring is A) rod - bipolar cell - ganglion cell - thalamus. B) cone - bipolar cell - pigmented cell - inferior colliculus.

rod - bipolar cell - ganglion cell - thalamus.

71) ________ are photoreceptor cells that are most useful in dim light. A) Rods B) Cones

rods

114) Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the A) semicircular canals. B) cochlea. C) statoconia. D) saccule and utricle. E) organ of Corti.

saccule and utricle.

157) Which eye structure does not contain blood vessels?

Cornea

53) Identify the structure labeled "7"

Cornea

17) A typical gustatory cell survives for only about ________ days before it is replaced. A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 10 E) 20

10

106) Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the A) auditory ossicles. B) cochlea. C) oval window. D) round window. E) tympanic membrane.

106: tympanic membrane

107) The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the A) auditory ossicles. B) cochlea. C) oval window. D) tensor tympani. E) stapedius muscle.

107: auditory ossicles.

121) The elevated ridges within the ampullae of the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a A) concha. B) cupula. C) crista ampullaris.

121: crista ampullaris.

125) The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the A) basilar membrane. B) tectorial membrane. C) stapedius. D) perilymph. E) endolymph.

125: tectorial membrane.

126) The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the A) tectorial membrane. B) basilar membrane. C) membranous labyrinth. D) vestibular duct. E) tympanic membrane.

126: basilar membrane.

12) The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria. A) olfactory bulb B) olfactory nerve C) olfactory epithelium D) cribriform plate E) olfactory tract

12: olfactory epithelium

159) Light passing through the eye along the visual axis strikes what part of the retina? (Module 15.8C) A) optic nerve B) optic disc C) fovea centralis D) ganglion cells E) bipolar cells

159: fovea centralis

131) The following is a list of the steps that occur in the production of an auditory sensation. 1. The pressure wave distorts the basilar membrane on its way to the round window. 2. Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus. 3. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve. 4. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes. 5. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane. 6. Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.

2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3.

8) Axons leaving the olfactory epithelium collect into ________ or more bundles that penetrate the cribriform plate of the ethmoid. A) 4 B) 8 C) 12 D) 15 E) 20

20

25) The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of A) light receptors in the eye. B) mechanoreceptors in the ear. C) olfactory receptors. D) lamellar corpuscles. E) Meissner corpuscles.

25: olfactory receptors.

84) 1. Ganglia cells detect changes in bipolar cell activity. 2. Neurotransmitter release changes. 3. Retinal changes to a more linear form. 4. Rhodopsin breaks down (bleaches). 5. Opsin changes the membrane permeability of the outer segment to Na+. 6. Opsin activation occurs. What is the proper sequence for these steps?

3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4

13) The olfactory receptor cell can be activated by as few as ________ odorant molecules. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

4

41) ________, or pinkeye, results from damage to or irritation of the conjunctival surface. A) Cataract B) Conjunctivitis C) Myopia D) Hyperopia E) Emmetropia

41: Conjunctivitis

20) An adult has approximately ________ taste buds, each of which contains ________ different receptor cells. A) 50; 10,000 B) 5,000; 40-100 C) 500,000; 4 D) 500; 40-100 E) 50,000; 10,000

5,000; 40-100

110) which structure is known as the vestibule?

6

74) The visible spectrum for humans extends between a wavelength of 400 nm and ________ nm. A) 100 B) 500 C) 600 D) 700 E) 900

700

81) A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is A) retinal. B) opsin. C) rhodopsin. D) transducin. E) cGMP.

81: retinal.

99) The external acoustic meatus includes all of the following except the A) tympanic membrane. B) eardrum. C) tympanon. D) ceruminous glands. E) auditory tube

99: auditory tube

139) What is a generator potential? (Module 15.1B) A) A generator potential is an action potential produced by sensory neurons. B) A generator potential is the depolarization of sensory neurons capable of generating an action potential. C) A generator potential is the repolarization of sensory neurons capable of generating ac action potential.

A generator potential is the depolarization of sensory neurons capable of generating an action potential.

85) All of the following occur when a rod is stimulated by light, except A) ganglion cells pick up changes in activity in the bipolar cells. B) the retinal changes to a more linear shape. C) neurotransmitter release changes. D) Na+ permeability changes. E) ATP is hydrolyzed.

ATP is hydrolyzed.

26) Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places? A) surface of the epiglottis B) surface of the tongue C) portions of the pharynx D) All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

86) All of the following are true regarding the retina except A) Ganglion cells send axons to the brain as cranial nerve II. B) Axons carrying its output synapse in the lateral geniculate bodies in the thalamus. C) It has photoreceptors that do not respond to dim light. D) It has photoreceptors that do not respond to red light. E) All of the information from the retina goes directly to the occipital cortex.

All of the information from the retina goes directly to the occipital cortex.

169) When during photoreception is ATP required?

Conversion of 11-trans retinal back to 11-cis retinal

142) Trace the olfactory pathway, beginning at the olfactory epithelium. (Module 15.2B)

Axons from the olfactory epithelium bundle together and synapse at the olfactory bulb. Axons from the olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and portions of the limbic system.

70) ________ cells connect photoreceptors to ganglion cells. A) Rod B) Cone C) Bipolar

Bipolar

109) ________ glands produce a secretion commonly called earwax. A) Sudoriferous B) Ceruminous C) Mammary

Ceruminous

181) where is the spiral organ located?

Cochlea of the internal ear

186) Which cranial nerves are involved with eye, head, and neck movements? (Module 15.21B) A) Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, and XI. B) Cranial nerves I, II, and III. C) Cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI. D) Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X, XII. E) Cranial nerves VI, VII, IX, XI.

Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, and XI.

188) which cranial nerves provide taste sensation from the tongue?

Cranial nerves VII, IX, and X

184) Define decibel. (Module 15.20A) A) Decibels are units of force. B) Decibels are units of pressure. C) Decibels are units of the intensity of sound.

Decibels are units of the intensity of sound.

162) Why does the near point of vision typically increase with age? (Module 15.9C) A) Elasticity of the lens decreases with age. B) Elasticity of the lens increases with age. C) The number of photoreceptors decreases with age. D) The amount of refraction changes because the liquid inside the eye decreases with age. E) The amount of refraction changes because the liquid inside the eye increases with age.

Elasticity of the lens decreases with age.

113) ________ fills the membranous labyrinth. A) Interstitial fluid B) Perilymph C) Endolymph D) CSF E) Plasma

Endolymph

152) identify the accessory structures of the eye

Eyelids, eyelashes, the superficial epithelium of the eye, and the structures associated with the production, secretion, and removal of tears

144) Describe filiform papillae. (Module 15.3B)

Filiform papillae are epithelial projections that are slender and conical. They provide friction for the tongue to move objects in the mouth, but they do not contain taste buds.

160) Define focal point. (Module 15.9A) A) Focal point is when all light rays entering the pupil are entering parallel. B) Focal point is the distance between the lens and the retina. C) Focal point is when light is refracted as it passes from the air into the corneal tissues. D) Focal point is the point at which the light rays from an object intersect on the retina. E) Focal point is the point at which the light rays from an object intersect on the lens.

Focal point is the point at which the light rays from an object intersect on the retina.

174) What kind of stimulus can the internal ear sense?

Gravity and acceleration, rotation, or sound

172) Define emmetropia

It is the term for normal vision

10) How would a molecule that mimics cAMP not affect an olfactory receptor? A) It would increase sodium permeability. B) It would open chemically gated sodium channels. C) It would depolarize the olfactory receptor. D) It could trigger an afferent action potential. E) It would decrease sodium permeability.

It would decrease sodium permeability.

39) ________ glands are modified sebaceous glands located along the margin of the eyelid that secrete a lipid-rich product. A) Tarsal B) Lacrimal C) Mucous D) Palpebral E) Conjunctival

Tarsal

170) Define optic radiation.

Optic radiation refers to bundles of projection fibers linking the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus with the visual cortex in each cerebral hemisphere.

154) name the three layers of the eye

Outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, deep inner layer

182) Name the fluids found within the scala vestibuli, scala tympani, and cochlear duct. (Module 15.19B) A) Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli. Endolymph fills the scala tympani and cochlear duct. B) Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. Endolymph fills the cochlear duct.

Perilymph fills the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. Endolymph fills the cochlear duct.

66) Why do things look blurry underwater without dive goggles or a mask? A) The water magnifies the image because it is denser than the lens of the eye. B) Light moves more slowly through the water, causing images to appear larger and closer. C) Rather than air, light is moving from water into the cornea and is thus refracted too little for a sharp focus.

Rather than air, light is moving from water into the cornea and is thus refracted too little for a sharp focus.

161) When the ciliary muscles are relaxed, are you viewing something close up or something in the distance?

Something in the distance

148) trace the gustatory pathway from the taste receptors to the cerebral cortex

Taste receptors- facial, glossopharyngeal, in Vegas nerves - synapse in the solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata- medial lemniscus - synapse in the thalamus - gustatory cortex of the insula

87) Which of the following statements concerning vision is false? A) Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of the brain at the optic chiasm. B) Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus. C) The image that is formed on the retina is inverted. D) The entire retina receives equal representation in the visual cortex.

The entire retina receives equal representation in the visual cortex.

179) Define otoliths. (Module 15.18A) A) They are tiny auditory bones that propagate sound waves to the internal ear. B) They are small cellular extensions that detect changes in the flow of endolymph. C) They are flexible, gelatinous structures that are found in each ampulla of the semicircular ducts. D) They are the extensions of hair cells embedded in the ampullary cupula. E) They are densely packed calcium carbonate crystals that sit upon the gelatinous otolithic membrane in the maculae.

They are densely packed calcium carbonate crystals that sit upon the gelatinous otolithic membrane in the maculae.

183) When the basilar membrane moves, what happens in the hair cells of the spiral organ?

They are pressed against the tectorial membrane

105) Identify the structure labeled "3"

Tympanic membrane

28) A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve A) VII. B) III. C) IX. D) V. E) XIII.

V

27) Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves A) IX, X, and XI. B) VII, VIII, and IX. C) VII, IX, and X. D) V, VII, and IX. E) IX, XI, and XII.

VII, IX, and X.

24) The largest numbers of taste buds in adults are associated with the A) pharynx. B) larynx. C) filiform papillae. D) fungiform papillae. E) vallate papillae.

Vallate papillae.

68) In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater? A) a round lens B) a flat lens C) It doesnʹt matter, focus distance doesnʹt change with the shape of the lens.

a flat lens

82) The first step in the process of photoreception is A) the bleaching of rods. B) the bleaching of cones. C) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.

absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.

83) Which of the following is not true about rhodopsin? A) called visual purple B) bleached during photoreception C) is the visual pigment in rods D) consists of opsin + retinal E) activates transducin

activates transducin

168) Visual pigments undergo which three changes during photoreception? (Module 15.12B) A) activation, bleaching, and reassembly B) activation, bleaching, and deactivation C) depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization D) activation, denaturation, and reassembly E) detection, bleaching, and absorption

activation, bleaching, and reassembly

62) The ciliary muscle contracts to A) control the amount of light reaching the retina. B) adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision. C) adjust the shape of the lens for close vision. D) control the production of aqueous humor.

adjust the shape of the lens for close vision.

115) The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the A) saccules. B) ampullae. C) perilymph.

ampullae.

67) In which of the following cases would the focal distance be greater? A) an object 10 inches away from your nose B) an object 20 feet away C) It doesnʹt matter, focal distance doesnʹt change with how far away an object is

an object 10 inches away from your nose

48) The space between the cornea and the iris is the A) anterior chamber. B) posterior chamber. C) canal of Schlemm. D) aqueous humor. E) pupil.

anterior chamber.

123) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia? A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

3) Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to A) contact a specialized olfactory cell. B) bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites. C) gate open ion channels.

bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.

69) The neural layer contains all of the following except A) ganglion cells. B) photoreceptor cones. C) supporting cells. D) photoreceptor rods. E) blood vessels.

blood vessels.

111) The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth. A) bony callus B) bony labyrinth C) membranous callus

bony labyrinth

9) Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain? A) frontal lobe B) cerebellum C) parietal lobe D) cerebrum E) medulla oblongata

cerebrum

2) Olfactory glands A) house the sense of smell. B) support the olfactory epithelium. C) react to aromatic molecules. D) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. E) group as olfactory bulbs.

coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.

72) ________ are photoreceptors that convey our ability to see color. A) Rods B) Cones

cones

36) The ________ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. A) conjunctiva B) cornea C) iris D) anterior chamber E) canthus

conjunctiva

50) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor? A) gelatinous fluid that fills posterior chamber B) secreted in bright light C) constantly produced and recycled D) produced by lacrimal glands E) surround the retina

constantly produced and recycled

58) Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary ________, and sympathetic activation causes ________. A) dilation; constriction B) dilation; dilation C) constriction; dilation D) constriction; constriction E) vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction

constriction; dilation

44) Which of the following is not true of the vascular layer of the eye? A) provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye B) regulates the amount of light entering the eye C) secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor D) controls the shape of the lens E) contains photoreceptors

contains photoreceptors

60) A sudden rise of room brightness would cause A) contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles. B) contraction of the pupillary dilator muscles. C) conversion of 11-trans to 11-cis retinal.

contraction of the pupillary constrictor muscles.

173) Which type of lens would correct hyperopia? (Module 15.14B) A) diverging lens (with at least one concave surface) B) converging lens (with at least one convex surface)

converging lens (with at least one convex surface)

61) A ray of light entering the eye will encounter these structures in which order? A) cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous body - retina - choroid B) vitreous body - retina - choroids - aqueous humor - lens - cornea C) cornea - aqueous humor - vitreous body - lens - choroids - retina

cornea - aqueous humor - lens - vitreous body - retina - choroid

46) The transparent portion of the fibrous layer is the A) conjunctiva. B) cornea. C) iris. D) pupil. E) canthus.

cornea.

65) In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the A) iris. B) cornea. C) lens. D) aqueous humor. E) vitreous humor.

cornea.

11) Olfactory organs are located in the nasal cavity inferior to the perforated bony structure known as the A) superior nasal concha. B) sphenoid bone. C) cribriform plate. D) nasal septum. E) frontal bone.

cribriform plate.

151) Which cells develop into the photoreceptors? (Module 15.5C) A) optic vesicles B) cornea C) ependymal cells of the inner layer of the optic cup D) ependymal cells of the outer layer of the optic cup E) nervous tissue of the outer layer of the optic cup

ependymal cells of the outer layer of the optic cup

108) Sound travels directly to the eardrum through the A) pinna. B) external auditory canal. C) cochlea. D) vestibule. E) ear ossicles.

external auditory canal.

52) An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the A) outer segment. B) inner segment. C) fovea centralis. D) optic disc. E) tapetum lucidum.

fovea centralis.

18) The sense of taste is also known as A) gustation. B) olfaction. C) equilibrium. D) proprioception. E) interoception.

gustation

21) All of the following compose the epithelial projections found on the tongue except A) fungiform papillae. B) circumvallate papillae. C) filiform papillae. D) gustatory papillae. E) None of the answers is correct.

gustatory papillae.

30) The membrane proteins that respond to chemical stimuli to produce sweet, bitter, and umami sensations are called A) photoreceptors. B) proprioceptors. C) nociceptors. D) transducins. E) gustducins.

gustducins.

45) The vitreous body A) fills the anterior cavity. B) helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina. C) is removed and recycled every few hours.

helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina

132) A sound with a frequency of 12,000 hertz would be A) very loud. B) barely audible. C) high-pitched. D) low-pitched. E) barely audible and low-pitched.

high-pitched.

90) A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. A) myopia B) hyperopia C) cataracts

hyperopia

150) Which structures develop into the retina? (Module 15.5B) A) optic vesicles B) cornea C) optic nerve D) inner and outer layers of the optic cup E) lacrimal apparatus

inner and outer layers of the optic cup

92) The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors of the A) membranous endolymph. B) organ of Schlemm. C) internal ear. D) bony labyrinth. E) perilymph.

internal ear.

47) The part of the eye that determines eye color is the A) lens B) cornea. C) iris. D) pupil. E) retina

iris.

124) The quantity of neurotransmitter that is released by a hair cell corresponds to all of the following except A) responds to almost any mechanical stimulation of the hair cell. B) is sensitive to which way stereocilia are bent with respect to the kinocilium. C) determines if a sensory neuron will be excited. D) is greatest when the hair cell is at a neutral position.

is greatest when the hair cell is at a neutral position.

34) A structure that is located at the medial angle of the eye and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the A) palpebra. B) lacrimal caruncle. C) lacrimal gland. D) Meibomian gland. E) conjunctiva.

lacrimal caruncle

33) The palpebrae are connected at the A) eyelids. B) lateral and medial angles of the eye. C) lacrimal caruncle. D) medial canthus only. E) conjunctiva.

lateral and medial angles of the eye.

127) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane? A) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth B) separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli

moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth

89) A person suffering from ________ can see objects that are close, but distant objects appear blurred. A) myopia B) hyperopia C) cataracts

myopia

14) The olfactory receptors are highly modified A) neurons. B) epithelial cells. C) goblet or mucous cells. D) olfactory glands. E) areolar connective tissue cells

neurons.

5) Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors? A) olfaction B) hearing C) equilibrium

olfaction

6) Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the A) medulla oblongata. B) medial geniculate. C) cerebral cortex. D) olfactory bulb.

olfactory bulb.

7) Which of the following is not a component of the lamina propria of the olfactory organ? A) areolar tissue B) blood vessels C) nerves D) olfactory glands E) olfactory epithelium

olfactory epithelium

19) Gustatory receptors are not located A) on the inferior surface of the tongue. B) in the epiglottis. C) on the superior surface of the tongue. D) in the larynx. E) in the pharynx.

on the inferior surface of the tongue.

149) What are the first structures that form during eye development? (Module 15.5A) A) optic nerve B) retina C) optic vesicles D) cornea E) optic cups

optic vesicles

128) The hair cells of the cochlear duct are located in the A) semicircular canal. B) utricle. C) saccule. D) organ of Corti. E) spiral ganglion.

organ of Corti.

98) The ________ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the ________ ear, which contains auditory ossicles. A) inner; middle B) outer; middle

outer; middle

40) The gap that separates the free margins of the upper and lower eyelids is the A) cornea. B) palpebral fissure. C) conjunctiva. D) lacrimal punctum. E) medial angle of the eye.

palpebral fissure

22) Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? A) sweet B) peppery C) sour D) salty E) umami

peppery

29) Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of A) intensely sweet. B) intensely sour. C) quite salty. D) peppery hot. E) decidedly bitter.

peppery hot.

97) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes? A) moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts B) auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane C) bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells D) necessary for the static sense of equilibrium E) seals the oval window

seals the oval window

122) When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling? A) semicircular canal B) utricle C) saccule

semicircular canal

116) Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals A) produces a rushing sound. B) allows us to hear low tones. C) signals rotational movements.

signals rotational movements.

129) The cell bodies of sensory neurons that innervate the hair cells of the cochlea form the ________ ganglion. A) vestibular B) spiral C) cochlear D) acoustic E) auditory

spiral

35) Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges? A) palpebra B) lacrimal caruncle C) chalazion D) tarsal gland

tarsal gland

91) All of the following descriptions applies/apply to the term myopia except A) nearsightedness. B) corrected with diverging lens. C) image focused in front of retina. D) the eyeball is elongated. E) the eyeball is too shallow.

the eyeball is too shallow.

118) Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on A) changes in the pressure exerted by the cupula on hair cells. B) vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells. C) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae in the utricle or saccule.

the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae in the utricle or saccule.

133) A loud noise does not cause A) a large movement of the tympanic membrane. B) an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation. C) a large number of hair cells to be stimulated. D) a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window. E) the generation of a wave with a high frequency.

the generation of a wave with a high frequency.

93) When an external force bends the stereocilia of the inner ear hair cells, A) the force is converted into mechanical energy. B) the hair cells are temporarily damaged. C) there is a change in the transmembrane potential of the hair cells.

there is a change in the transmembrane potential of the hair cells.

4) All of the following are true of olfactory pathways except A) they project first to the mammillary bodies and then to the thalamus. B) the first synapse is in the olfactory bulb. C) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.

they project first to the mammillary bodies and then to the thalamus.

119) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term otoliths? A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium

tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium

176) What is the function of the auditory tube? (Module 15.16B) A) to house the adenoids B) to resonate sounds C) to amplify sounds before they enter the inner ear D) to drain excess perilymph if it builds up in the inner ear E) to allow pressure equalization on both sides of the tympanic membrane

to allow pressure equalization on both sides of the tympanic membrane

101) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term ossicles? A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

95) The auditory ossicles connect the A) tympanic membrane to the oval window. B) tympanic membrane to the round window. C) oval window to the round window.

tympanic membrane to the oval window.

94) The external ear ends at the A) vestibule. B) cochlea. C) ossicles. D) tympanic membrane.

tympanic membrane.

100) Which of the following anatomical sequences is correct? A) tympanum - incus - malleus - stapes - oval window - round window B) tympanum - incus - malleus - stapes - round window - oval window C) tympanum - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window

tympanum - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window

23) The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acids and small peptides is known as A) sweet. B) umami. C) salty. D) peppery. E) sour.

umami.

120) The ________ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. A) cochlea B) utricle C) ampulla D) saccule E) utricle and saccule

utricle and saccule

51) The gelatinous material found in the posterior cavity is the A) vitreous humor. B) aqueous humor. C) ora serrata. D) perilymph. E) tears.

vitreous humor.

130) The frequency of a perceived sound depends on A) the frequency of kinocilia vibration. B) the number of hair cells that are stimulated. C) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated. D) the amplitude of the wave. E) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.

which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.