chapter 15

Which phrase is often used to describe the people protesting changes that would have a local impact, such as the placement of a halfway house in their residential neighborhood?

"Not in my backyard" (NIMBY)

What era saw the rejection of the prevailing theories of crowd psychology that had been basically accepted since the late 1890s?

1960s

True or false: Embracing diversity in groups has advantages, and the fact that it is easy to do so is one of them.

False

______ theorists especially reject the premise that emotions equal irrationality when considering the "why" of social movement participation.

Feminist

What is the "pro" argument (from Jenkins, 2018) in the debate over genetically modified food?

It can help alleviate starvation and hunger.

Which of the following best describes what it means to practice sociology?

It means understanding the relationship between self and society and making informed choices.

Which of the following statements about who bears responsibility for our existing systems is true?

We are all responsible for our existing systems.

Relative deprivation describes

a conscious feeling of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities.

According to Talcott Parsons's equilibrium model, when social institutions become more specialized in their purposes to improve performance, they are in the ______ process.

adaptive upgrading

As in many relative social conditions, such as relative poverty, relatively deprived individuals feel more dissatisfied when comparing their situation to that of

an appropriate reference group.

Which of the following are examples of social change?

an increase in women in the labor force expanded access to formal education

One way of practicing sociology on an everyday basis is to

ask difficult questions.

Social economist Thorstein Veblen coined the term vested interest to refer to those individuals or groups who

benefit most from the existing social, political, and economic system.

Margaret Sanger is famous as an advocate for ______.

birth control

According to sociologist Anthony Oberschall, in order to sustain social protest or resistance there must be

continuity of leadership. an organizational base.

According to Talcott Parson's equilibrium model, changes in one part of society are

counterbalanced by adjustments in other parts of society.

The use of the Internet has the potential to

create an unprecedented level of global connection

People organized in social movements ______.

create change through collective actions

Sociologist Jacques Ellul has argued that technology has

dehumanized life with its emphasis on measurements.

In Talcott Parsons's equilibrium model of social change, the process that refers to the increasing complexity of social organization is known as

differentiation.

Social change typically brings alterations in all of the following except

esteem.

People could use sociology to change society by

examining and making changes in existing social systems.

Individuals known as Luddites disagreed with the

expansion of technology in industrialization.

Talcott Parsons argued that a society

experiencing disruptive elements, such as riots, still moves toward social stability.

One drawback of sociology's evolutionary theory is that

it assumes people who have adapted to social change are superior

James Jasper's term "indignation gap" is associated with which of his categories of moral emotions?

justice

Which of the following comprise James Jasper's categories of moral emotions?

justice pride compassion

What are some forces that are commonly used to counterbalance the influence of corporations?

labor unions government regulations

According to James Surowiecki, if we do not carefully consider the composition of groups, we risk

living in an echo chamber.

By practicing sociology, you can

make the world a better place to live.

Sociologist Auguste Comte viewed human society as

moving forward a mythological way of thought toward scientific thought.

The term social movement is used to describe

organized group activities that attempt to create or resist change in an existing group or society.

Jacques Ellul argued that the key factor to consider when analyzing our modern technological society was analyzing

our systematic commitment to maximizing efficiency and increasing productivity (technique).

When we recognize the impact our individual position has on who we are and how we think and act, we are practicing

personal sociology.

Public sociology uses sociological insights to create

positive social change.

One possible way of practicing sociology on an everyday basis is to become more aware of

power.

Increased use of computers and the Internet has placed a great deal of personal information online, leading to fears about personal

privacy.

Major social movements in the United States have been concerned with all of the following issues except ______.

property rights

In which of the following ways have biotechnological advances had an impact on society?

raising ethical questions demonstrating how quickly material culture can change

Which term describes the process through which a social movement utilizes factors such as money, political influence, or access to media?

resource mobilization

French workers who opposed mechanization in the 1800s destroyed factory machinery, breaking the machines with their wooden shoes, a method that became known as

sabotage.

One criticism of the relative deprivation approach is that people

seldom need to feel deprived to take action.

Sociology emphasizes the interaction between the

self and society.

Social change is the

significant alteration over time in behavior patterns and culture.

To qualify as social change, an alteration in behavior patterns and cultures must be

significant.

Much as Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory stresses a continuing progression of life forms, the evolutionary theory proposed by sociologists stresses the movement of

society.

Parsons's model of social change supports the evolutionary notion of continuing progress, but the dominant theme of his model is

stability.

Pioneer crowd theorist Gustave Le Bon argued that people in crowds are

susceptible to manipulative leaders.

In addition to feelings of relative deprivation, which of the following help transform social discontent into a social movement?

the feeling that the discontented group's goals cannot be attained through conventional means the feeling that individuals have the right to seek their goals

According to the equilibrium model, the process that involves the development of new values related to a broader range of activities is known as

value generalization.

Individuals or groups most interested in maintaining a society's status quo (the current system) typically include the

wealthy. powerful.

Newer social movement theories that emphasize the power of compassion focus on

why people participate and what keeps them engaged.