Chapter 15; Atherosclerosis and other Arterial Diseases

Question 4 of 5 Which of the following conditions refers to a weakened, bulging arterial wall? Aortic dissection Aneurysm Bruit Thrombus Intermittent claudication

Aneurysm

Question 5 of 5 Which of the following is an immediate, life-threatening condition? Peripheral artery disease Aortic dissection Atherosclerosis Arterial plaque formation Arterial dilation

Aortic Dissection

Question 1 of 5 What basic physiological change underlies most cardiovascular disease? Hypertension Atherosclerosis Elevated pulse pressure Arterial dilatation Thrombus formation

Atherosclerosis

Question 1 of 5 Can you differentiate the various arterial disorders? For each disorder, drag and drop the statements that apply to the disorder to the box. Atherosclerosis

Basic physiological change that results in cardiovascular disease Foam cell formation C-reactive protein and homocysteine levels are used for assessment Atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis in which the lumen of arterial wall becomes occluded with plaques. The plaques are formed from cholesterol and white blood cells forming foam cells. Although white blood cells are involved, formation of the plaques is not due to an autoimmune response. Elevated C-reactive protein (an inflammation marker) and homocysteine levels have been associated with atherosclerosis.

Question 3 of 5 Can you differentiate the various arterial disorders? For each disorder, drag and drop the statements that apply to the disorder to the box. Aortic Dissection

Blood pressure differential between right and left arm Sudden onset of symptoms including chest pain and tearing sound Surgical repair required 33% of patients die within first 24 hours Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition in which a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall appears. Blood pours into the tear, separating (dissecting) the inner layer from the middle layer. If the tear ruptures, death may result. Almost one-third of patients with aortic dissection die within the first 24 hours. Surgical repair of the tear is needed. Signs and symptoms include a sudden onset of severe chest pain. Depending on the location of the dissection, blood flow to either arm may be compromised, resulting in a difference in pressure between the arms.

Question 2 of 5 Which is the most common location for peripheral artery disease? Femoral vein Aorta Carotid artery Femoral artery Brachial artery

Femoral Artery

Question 4 of 5 Can you differentiate the various arterial disorders? For each disorder, drag and drop the statements that apply to the disorder to the box. Vasculitis

Immune complexes deposited in arterial walls Takayasu arteritis is an example Associated with autoimmune process Vasculitis is inflammation of the vessels, and both arteries and veins may be involved. The disease may be systemic or affect one area or tissue of the body. Several forms of vasculitis exist, and an autoimmune component, with immune complexes deposited in the arterial walls, has been found to play a role. Signs and symptoms of vasculitis vary, depending on the tissues involved. Takayasu arteritis is one example of vasculitis; it affects the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Question 5 of 5 Can you differentiate the various arterial disorders? For each disorder, drag and drop the statements that apply to the disorder to the box. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Intermittent claudication Decreased peripheral pulses Ankle-brachial index used for assessment Peripheral artery disease results in decreased blood flow to the extremities. Most commonly, the arteries of the legs are affected. Depending on the extent of the blockage, peripheral pulses may be diminished. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) compares the blood pressure in the ankles with the blood pressure in the arms and may be reduced with peripheral arterial disease in the lower extremities. When blood flow through the narrowed arteries cannot match the metabolic demands of the tissues, intermittent claudication results.

Question 2 of 5 What molecule contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque? Hemoglobin HDL cholesterol Albumin Proteases LDL cholesterol

LDL cholesterol

Question 1 of 5 Which of the following cell types become foam cells? Erythrocytes Platelets T cells Macrophages Neutrophils

Macrophages

Question 3 of 5 An outpatient in the clinic complains of leg pain while walking. However, the patient adds that the pain ceases when he is at rest. Which condition would the nurse suspect? Pulmonary embolism Calcium deficiency Peripheral arterial disease Kidney failure Aortic dissection

Peripheral arterial disease

Question 5 of 5 Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis are true? Select all that apply. There are many early warning signs of atherosclerosis, including pain and fatigue. Clinical manifestations include a point of maximal impulse displaced towards the midclavicular line. Risk factors include obesity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol intake. Diabetes mellitus accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Diagnostic tests for atherosclerosis include those for hyperlipidemia.

Risk factors include obesity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol intake. Diabetes mellitus accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Diagnostic tests for atherosclerosis include those for hyperlipidemia.

Question 2 of 5 Can you differentiate the various arterial disorders? For each disorder, drag and drop the statements that apply to the disorder to the box. Aneurysm

Weak arterial wall resulting in bulging of the artery Abdominal aorta most commonly affected Fusiform and saccular shapes An aneurysm is a bulge in an arterial wall. The most common location for an aneurysm is the abdominal aorta. An aneurysm may present in different forms including fusiform and saccular. Surgical repair is not always necessary with an aneurysm, and death does not occur at a high rate within the first 24 hours of development. Takayasu arteritis is a form of vasculitis, and is not a type of aneurysm.

Question 4 of 5 Which of the following statements about aortic dissection are true? Select all that apply. When left untreated, 33% of patients die within 24 hours. Females are more commonly affected than males. In aortic dissection, layers of the aortic wall split and allow blood to flow between them. Aortic dissection requires surgical repair. There is often a blood pressure difference between arms.

When left untreated, 33% of patients die within 24 hours. Aortic dissection requires surgical repair. In aortic dissection, layers of the aortic wall split and allow blood to flow between them.

Question 3 of 5 Intermittent claudication ______________. Select all that apply. radiates from the shoulder to the jaw. is an unremitting, constant pain. is a tear in the aortic wall. is pain that is alleviated by rest. occurs most frequently in the legs.

is pain that is alleviated by rest. occurs most frequently in the legs.