Chapter 15: Part 2 Quiz
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a: constitutional monarchy. military dictatorship. parliamentary government. popular democracy.
military dictatorship.
The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that: the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war. a constitutional monarchy was possible only in England. mankind was inherently good and required no formal government. kings ruled by divine right.
the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.
The authors of the Bill of Rights accused James II of: carrying out a secret war against the Dutch. trying to undermine Protestantism. sexual perversion. witchcraft.
trying to undermine Protestantism.
The primary cause of the 1688-1689 Glorious Revolution in England was: the defeat suffered in the War of the Spanish Succession. the 1640 uprising in Ireland. conflict between Charles II and Parliament over taxation. a fear that James II would establish Catholic absolutism.
a fear that James II would establish Catholic absolutism.
Which was a social consequence of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system? Clergy were allowed to hold bureaucratic offices. People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions. Only ethnic Russians were permitted to serve in the bureaucracy. Women were allowed to serve in a few judicial positions.
People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions.
The Junkers were: Dutch merchants who made up the oligarchy that controlled the government of the Netherlands. Prussian and Brandenburger nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state. Members of the janissary corps who filled the posts of the Ottoman bureaucracy and military. Russian administrators who accepted the westernization policies of Peter the Great.
Prussian and Brandenburger nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state.
Why did the English government arrive at a crisis by 1640? Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country. Charles I sought to impose the Scottish religion on England. Charles I married a Presbyterian princess. James I frequently lectured the House of Commons about his divine authority.
Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country.
According to Hobbes, which of the following characterizes a society without a king? Natural harmony Constant warfare Prosperity, but not peace Rapid cultural progress
Constant warfare
The heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments led to which outcome? Growth in armed forces The abolition of the nobility Reduced taxation Smaller and less expensive bureaucracies
Growth in armed forces
Which of these steps did Peter the Great take in his "Decree on the Invitation of Foreigners" to help attract foreign experts to Russia? Promise to build special neighborhoods to house foreigners Offer wages that were double the standard rate in Western Europe Promise to grant noble titles to foreigners Guarantee the religious freedom of foreigners
Guarantee the religious freedom of foreigners
How did Frederick William of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army? He offered the Junkers the exclusive right to sit on the royal councils. He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs. He threatened the Junkers with military attack. He permitted the Junkers to seize church lands as compensation.
He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs.
How did Frederick William I, king of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army? -He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists. -He purchased African slaves to sustain agricultural production while Prussian men trained for the military. -He required women to work in the fields when their husbands served in the military. -He required monks, priests, and other clerics to perform agricultural work when needed by local nobles.
He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists.
The following question refers to the excerpt below. "One must attempt, above all, to know the special genius of the people which one wants to govern in order to know if one must treat them leniently or severely, if they are inclined to revolt....[The Prussian nobility] has sacrificed its life and goods for the service of the state; its loyalty and merit have earned it the protection of all its rulers.... In such a state no factions or rebellions need be feared...it is one goal of the policy of this state to preserve the nobility.A well conducted government must have an underlying concept so well integrated that it could be likened to a system of philosophy. All actions taken must be well reasoned....It is of no concern in politics whether the ruler has a religion or whether he has none. All religions, if one examines them, are founded on superstitious systems, more or less absurd. It is impossible for a man of good sense, who dissects their contents, not to see their error...." King Frederick II of Prussia, Political Testament, 1752 The state policy expressed by Frederick in this document was most unlike which of the following policies of his contemporary monarchs? In France, Louis XIV and his finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert extended the administrative, financial, military, and religious control of the central state over the French population. French absolutism was relatively close to Prussian enlightened absolutism. Its constitutional framework was non-existent; French monarchs did not even convene the Estates General between 1614 and 1789. In Poland, the monarchy's inability to consolidate its authority over the nobility led to the country's partition by the late eighteenth century. In the Netherlands, the Dutch Republic developed an oligarchy of urban gentry and rural landholders that promoted trade and protected traditional rights. In England, the outcome of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution protected the rights of gentry and aristocracy from absolutism by codifying the rights of Parliament.
In England, the outcome of the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution protected the rights of gentry and aristocracy from absolutism by codifying the rights of Parliament.
The 1688-1689 Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found their best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by: John Locke. Peter Paul Rubens. Thomas Hobbes. Jean Racine
John Locke.
After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style capital on the Baltic called: Narva. St. Petersburg. Leningrad. Moscow.
St. Petersburg.
Within the Ottoman government, which group staffed the top levels of the bureaucracy? The royal family Military commanders Islamic religious officials The sultan's slave corps
The sultan's slave corps
How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state? They adopted French coronation rituals. They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans. They eliminated all taxes. They claimed to be both political and religious leaders.
They modeled their rule on the Mongol khans.
According to the "Decree on the Invitation of Foreigners," why did Peter invite foreigners to Russia? To increase the size of the Russian population To improve trade and strengthen Russia's military To replace incompetent Russian officials To settle on the Russian frontier
To improve trade and strengthen Russia's military
The following question refers to the excerpt below. "[Parliament] being now assembled in a full and free representation of this nation...asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal;That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal....That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretense of prerogative, without grant of Parliament...is illegal....That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place outside of Parliament....That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with the consent of Parliament, is against the law...." English Parliament, the Bill of Rights, 1689 The Bill of Rights challenged the traditional absolutist argument that: the aristocracy and the church should share power with the king. the monarch should respond to the wishes of the people. a powerful monarchy is needed to provide political stability. The Bill of Rights was the culmination of attempts by Parliament to challenge monarchical rule, which was both unjust and a cause of political instability in England in the seventeenth century.
a powerful monarchy is needed to provide political stability.
Domestic political power in the Dutch Republic in the late seventeenth century was held by: a democratically elected States-General. the stadholder and his royal courtiers. an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen. the central government.
an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.
According to Locke, when individuals form a commonwealth they: give up all of their rights. retain executive power over the laws of nature. authorize society to make laws for the common good. agree to support the new government forever.
authorize society to make laws for the common good.
The following question refers to the excerpts below. "The only way to erect such a common power, as may be able to defend them from the invasion of foreigners, and the injuries of one another, and thereby to secure them in such sort as that by their own industry and by the fruits of the earth they may nourish themselves and live contentedly, is to confer all their power and strength upon one man...." Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, 1651 "87. Man being born, as has been proved, with a title to perfect freedom and an uncontrolled enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of Nature, equally with any other man, or number of men in the world, hath by nature a power...to preserve his property—that is, his life, liberty and estate against the injuries and attempts of other men...." John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution, 1690 The excerpts above can best be described as a response to: conflicts between the British monarchy, Parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure. conflicts resulting from controversial Enlightenment ideas, exacerbated by short-term fiscal and economic crises. conflicts stemming from the development of mass politics and nationalism. conflicts between monarchs and elites over control of religious life, morality, and religious reform. Reformation struggles under Henry VIII of England could better be described as conflicts between monarchs and elites over control of religious life, morality, and religious reform.
conflicts stemming from the development of mass politics and nationalism.
In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was facilitated by the: establishment of an independent peasantry. consolidation of serfdom. growth of a class of small landowners. establishment of many privileged towns as market centers.
consolidation of serfdom.
The Ottomans divided their subjects into religious communities or: Cossacks. Estates. millets. janissaries.
millets.
In the late-seventeenth-century Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of: the Stuarts. the Hohenzollerns. the Bourbons. the House of Orange.
the House of Orange.
In signing the Bill of Rights, William and Mary acknowledged that: they could not nullify, amend, or make laws without the consent of Parliament. their children would not inherit the throne. their role in English government was to be entirely ceremonial. they could be deposed by Parliament at any time and for any reason.
they could not nullify, amend, or make laws without the consent of Parliament.