Chapter 15 Review Sheet - Histology of Nervous Tissue
tract
a bundle of axons inside the CNS
microglial cells
act as phagocytes
interneuron
neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons
efferent neuron
neuron that conducts impulses away from CNS to muscles and glands
afferent neuron
neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery
What substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal?
neurotransmitters
What anatomical characteristic determines whether a particular neuron is classified as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar?
number of processes attached to cell body
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. What is the major function of this cell type?
transmit messages in the form of nerve impulses
Match the following anatomical terms with the appropriate description or function. *COLUMN A*
*COLUMN B*
Match each description with a term from the key. *TERM*
*DESCRIPTION*
Name four types of neuroglia in the CNS, and list a function for each of these cells. *TYPE*
*FUNCTION(S)*
State the location of each of the following connective tissue coverings. *COVERING*
*LOCATION*
astrocytes
- capillary-neuron exchanges - control chemical environment - BBB (blood brain barrier)
Describe how the Schwann cells form the myelin sheath encasing nerve fibers.
Schwann cell bodies wrap around the axon forming the myelin sheath.
Name the PNS neuroglial cell that forms myelin.
Schwann cells
What is a nerve?
bundles of axons in the PNS
neurotransmitters
chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons or effectors
ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS
chromatophilic substance
essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum, important metabolically
peripheral nervous system
ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves
axon
impulse generator and transmitter
myelin sheath
insulates nerve fibers
neurofibril
involved in the transport of substances within the neuron
synaptic cleft
junction or point of close contact between neurons
ependymal cells
line chambers
Which is/are most likely multipolar?
motor neurons, interneurons
oligodendrocytes
myelination of axons
Define mixed nerve.
nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers
What is the function of the connective tissue wrappings in a nerve?
protect and insulate nerve fibers
dendrite, cell body
receptive regions of a neuron
axon hillock
region of cell body from which the axon originates
Name the PNS neuroglial cell that surrounds neuron cell bodies in ganglia.
satellite cells
axon terminal
secretes neurotransmitters
Which of these neuron types is/are unipolar?
sensory
cell body
site of the nucleus and most important metabolic area
neuroglia
specialized supporting cells in the nervous sytem
endoneurium
surrounds each axon
perineurium
surrounds groups of axons (fascicles)
epineurium
surrounds many fascicles
central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord collectively
