chapter 15 smartbook

Which describes the sympathetic chain ganglia?

A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column

Indicate the statements that accurately describe muscarinic receptors.

ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells. All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors. ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells.

Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division?

Acetylcholine

Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a trace of dopamine?

Adrenal medulla

Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector?

Autonomic

What are two receptors that bind norepinephrine?

Beta-adrenergic Alpha-adrenergic

The adrenal gland has two parts, an outer rim called the BLANK BLANK and an inner portion called the BLANK BLANK

Blank 1: adrenal Blank 2: cortex Blank 3: adrenal Blank 4: medulla

Which receptors bind to ACh?

Cholinergic

An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is said to have what?

Dual innervation

Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.

Glossopharyngeal Facial Vagus Oculomotor

Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.

III VII IX X

Which of the following occurs during the fight-or-flight response?

Increased ATP production

Which are effects of the sympathetic division on the circulatory system?

Increased blood clotting Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin Vasoconstriction of visceral blood vessels Increased heart rate

What effect does the parasympathetic division have on the adrenal medulla?

It has no effect on the adrenal medulla.

Which of the following describes an alpha-adrenergic receptor?

It is usually excitatory and may use a calcium second messenger system.

Which describes a beta-adrenergic receptor? Select all that apply.

It is usually inhibitory. It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow. It uses a cAMP second messenger system.

Which are sympathetic effects on the reproductive system?

Labor contractions of the uterus Smooth muscle contraction during orgasm

Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers located in the spinal cord?

Lateral gray horn

Which neurons secrete acetylcholine?

Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Which type of receptor can either be inhibited or excited by the binding of acetylcholine?

Muscarinic

Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS?

Norepinephrine

Which division of the ANS causes a decreased heart rate, vasodilation of visceral blood vessels, and vasodilation of the skin's blood vessels?

Parasympathetic

Which division of the ANS causes penile or clitoral engorgement and stimulation of glandular secretion?

Parasympathetic

What is the alternative name for the craniosacral division of the ANS?

Parasympathetic division

Which division of the ANS causes pupillary constriction and contraction of the ciliary muscle for near vision?

Parasympathetic division

Which nerve fibers secrete norepinephrine?

Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division

Which are components of a visceral reflex arc?

Receptor in the stomach Smooth muscle Efferent neurons Afferent neurons

What are the effects of the sympathetic division on the eye?

Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision Pupillary dilation

From which regions of the CNS do the nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system arise?

Sacral division of spinal cord Brainstem

Which of the following are sympathetic effects on the integumentary system?

Secretion from merocrine sweat glands Secretion from apocrine sweat glands

Which nervous system transmits only excitatory signals to effector cells?

Somatic nervous system

Vasomotor tone is produced by a baseline level of stimulation by which division of the ANS?

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS stimulates the breakdown of adipose tissue?

Sympathetic

Which division of the ANS is responsible for increasing heart rate, alertness, blood pressure, pulmonary airflow, blood-glucose concentration, and blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles?

Sympathetic division

The nerves of the sympathetic nervous system arise from which regions of the spinal cord?

Thoracic Lumbar

From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise?

Thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Functions of the enteric nervous system include which of the following?

To regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes To regulate motility through the digestive tract

__________ tone describes the continual input from the sympathetic division to the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls, resulting in a partial and constant tension.

Vasomotor

What is the other name for the autonomic nervous system?

Visceral motor system

The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors.

acetylcholine

Receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine are called __________ receptors

adrenergic

The neurotransmitter norepinephrine binds to ______ receptors.

adrenergic

A(n) __________-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory and uses a calcium second messenger system or inhibits cAMP.

alpha

The __________ nervous system controls the activity of glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

autonomic

The __________-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory and acts through a cAMP second-messenger system.

beta

__________ innervation refers to the fact that many structures in the body are innervated by nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

dual

The __________ nervous system consists entirely of neurons embedded in the wall of the digestive tract and does not originate from the brain or spinal cord.

enteric

Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers.

long, short

The ganglia of the sympathetic division are located ______.

near the spinal column

In the sympathetic division of the ANS the ______ nerve fibers are long while the ______ fibers are short.

postganglionic, preganglionic

Place the components of a visceral reflex arc in order.

receptor efferent inter afferent effector

The division of the ANS that has general and widespread effects is the __________ division.

sympathetic

The division of the ANS that has relatively short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers is the ______ division.

sympathetic

The division of the ANS that has relatively short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers is the ______ division. Multiple choice question.

sympathetic

Which division of the ANS stimulates sweat glands and piloerector muscle contraction?

sympathetic

the __________ division of the ANS may induce an increased or decreased breakdown of adipose tissue.

sympathetic

the __________ division of the ANS stimulates the secretion of hormones by the adrenal medulla?

sympathetic

In the ______ division of the ANS the preganglionic nerve fibers are short, while in the ______ division the preganglionic fibers are relatively long.

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Neural divergence is extensive in the ______ division of the autonomic nervous system, while in the ______ division, divergence is minimal.

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Within the ANS, the effects of the ______ division are often general and widespread, while in the _______ division the effects are more specific and local.

sympathetic, parasympathetic