Chapter 15
Gallstones are crystals composed of A) Cholesterol B) Phospholipids C) Billirubin D) Bicarbonate
A) Cholesterol
Fat soluble vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine by diffusion or mediated transport whereas water soluble vitamins are absorbed in a similar way as fats are absorbed, through emulsification and enzymatic digestion. A) True B) False
B) False
Proteins are completely digested to produce individual amino acids which is the only way they can be absorbed into epithelial cells. A) True B) False
B) False
The absorption of iron into the blood is enhanced when epithelial cells of the small intestine increase their synthesis of the iron-binding protein ferritin. A) True B) False
B) False
The actions of salivary and pancreatic amylases digest starches to produce many copies of the monosaccharide glucose. A) True B) False
B) False
The duodenal hormone secretin decreases gastric motility and acid production but increases pancreatic bicarbonate release as well as contraction of gallbladder. A) True B) False
B) False
The onset of gastric peristaltic contractions is independent of input from the enteric or autonomic nervous system or hormones. A) True B) False
B) False
The products of lipid digestion diffuse into the intestinal epithelium as micelles. A) True B) False
B) False
The secretion of gastrin by endocrine cells in the stomach lining is stimulated by increasing gastric acidity. A) True B) False
B) False
Which of the following statements concerning stomach HCl production is NOT correct? A) Increasing acidity in the stomach stimulates endocrine cells in the gastric epithelium to produce somatostatin that inhibits further HCl secretion B) HCl production increases in response to carbohydrates entering the stomach C) HCl secretion is inhibited when acidity increases in the small intestine D) Gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine all act to increase HCl secretion
B) HCl production increases in response to carbohydrates entering the stomach
Which of the following have been implicated as the most frequent and important cause of peptic (gastric) ulcers in humans? A) Increased activity of the autonomic nervous system in persons with chronic stress B) Infection of the stomach wall by Helicobacter pylori (a type of bacteria) C) Consuming high levels of dairy products and hot, spicy foods D) Increased production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or gastrin by the stomach
B) Infection of the stomach wall by Helicobacter pylori (a type of bacteria)
The function of the enzyme enterokinase is to A) Stimulate bicarbonate secretion by the pancreas B) Stimulate secretion of gastrin by the stomach C) Convert trypsinogen into trypsin D) Convert pepsinogen into pepsin E) Cleave dipeptides into amino acids
C) Convert trypsinogen into trypsin
Which of the following is NOT an enzyme used for protein digestion? A) Pepsin B) Trypsin C) HCl D) Chymotrypsin
C) HCl
Acid secretion in the stomach is carried out by the ____________ cells of the stomach glands. These cells contain an enzyme called ________________. The function of this enzyme is to catalyze the reaction between ______________ and water. A) Chief; acetylcholine-esterase; carbon dioxide B) Parietal; amylase; bicarbonate C) Parietal; carbonic anhydrase; carbon dioxide D) Mucus; carbonic anhydrase; bicarbonate E) Enteroendocrine; gastrin; pepsinogen
C) Parietal; carbonic anhydrase; carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements about the transport of the absorbed products of fat digestion is true? A) Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein B) Triglycerides are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein C) Triglycerides are transported through the lymphatics as part of lipoproteins called chylomicrons D) Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported through the lymph as part of lipoproteins called chylomicrons E) Triglycerides are transported through the lymphatics in lipoproteins called LDL
C) Triglycerides are transported through the lymphatics as part of lipoproteins called chylomicrons
Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A) Constipation is caused by decreased motility in the large intestines B) Diarrhea may result from decreased fluid absorption in the large intestines C) A high intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of constipation because it increases distension and motility in the large intestines D) Bacterial diarrhea results from a bacterial toxin that blocks water channels in the cells of the large intestines
D) Bacterial diarrhea results from a bacterial toxin that blocks water channels in the cells of the large intestines
Which of the following statements regarding digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is true? A) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach B) Polysaccharides are broken down to monosaccharides by amylase C) Disaccharides are actively transported across the epithelium of the small intestine D) Final luminal digestion of carbohydrates produces monosaccharides
D) Final luminal digestion of carbohydrates produces monosaccharides
Which of the following is NOT secreted by cells within gastric glands? A) Pepsinogen B) Gastrin C) HCl D) Secretin E) Intrinsic factor
D) Secretin
Which of the following substances is transported across the intestinal epithelial cells by means of a special protein called the "intrinsic factor"? A) Amino acids B) Sodium C) Glucose D) Vitamin B-12
D) Vitamin B-12
Which of the following statements regarding lipid digestion and absorption is true? A) In the absence of bile salts, no digestion of lipids would occur B) Pancreatic lipase emulsifies lipids C) The products of lipid digestion diffuse into capillaries in the vicinity of the intestinal epithelium D) The products of lipid digestion travel in the circulatory system in the form of micelles E) The products of lipid digestion are resynthesized into triglycerides in intestinal epithelial cells
E) The products of lipid digestion are resynthesized into triglycerides in intestinal epithelial cells
