Chapter 15

What was ironic about the election of Andrew Johnson?

A man from a state that had seceded was now president.

When assessing the impeachment of Andrew Johnson, what can be determined about this issue?

Both Congress and the president accused the other of unconstitutional acts.

How did Frederick Douglass see the post-Civil War South?

Douglass wanted to ensure the ideals of the Declaration of Independence became a reality for black men, too.

How did the Civil War affect planter families?

For the first time, some of them had to do physical labor.

What early 1868 action by Andrew Johnson sparked his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives?

He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act.

Which of the following is NOT true of Thaddeus Stevens?

He represented Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate.

In what way was Reconstruction policy a success?

It established an amendment promising equal protection for all.

Why was Andrew Johnson acquitted on charges of impeachment?

Johnson's lawyers assured moderate Republicans that he would behave for the rest of his term, so several voted to acquit him.

The bloodiest act of violence during Reconstruction took place in __________ in 1873, where armed whites killed hundreds of former slaves, including fifty militia members who had surrendered.

Lynchburg, Virginia,

After the Civil War, ex-slaves were labeled as "drifters." What was the reality for these ex-slaves?

Many slaves were moving around in search of family members who had been sold.

Which denominations had the largest followings among blacks after the Civil War?

Methodist and Baptist

With the end of slavery in the British Caribbean, more than 100,000 laborers came from where to fill the labor shortage?

Mexico

Why would it have been easy for Ross to cheat the freedman signing the Sharecropping Contract from 1866?

Most freedmen were illiterate and relied on the landowner's interpretation of the contract.

In March 1867, Congress began Radical Reconstruction by adopting the __________, which created new state governments and provided for black male suffrage in the South.

Reconstruction Act

In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption and misgovernment of northern and black officials?

Redeemers

The civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s is sometimes called the:

Second Reconstruction.

The Prostrate State depicts:

South Carolina under allegedly corrupt Negro rule during Reconstruction.

When analyzing the election of 1876, what conclusion can be drawn?

The Republican Party had increased its support in the South.

How did emancipation affect the structure of the black family?

The black family became more like the typical white family, with men as the breadwinners and women as the homemakers.

Through analyzing the "Sharecropping Contract," what can be determined?

The contract was a type of economic slavery.

What would have made the Freedmen's Bureau more effective?

The government should have employed more agents to help with the numerous duties of the bureau.

What deeply conflicting reality did the authors of the 1865 Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson point to?

The land they had worked and considered home was a haven for slavery and the birthplace of secession.

How did Reconstruction leave an enduring legacy?

The leadership for the civil rights movement came from African-American churches.

According to the petition from the freedmen to President Andrew Johnson, how was the planter class endangering freedom?

They tried to limit economic opportunity.

What arguments did the authors of the Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson from 1865 offer for maintaining ownership of the lands?

They—not their former owners—were the loyal Americans in this part of the country.

For the 1868 Democratic presidential ticket, Horatio Seymour and Francis Blair Jr. had a campaign motto of:

This Is a White Man's Country. Let White Men Rule.

According to the Sharecropping Contract from 1866, who owned the land, tools, draft animals, and provisions?

Thomas Ross

According to the Sharecropping Contract from 1866, who was going to maintain oversight over expenses and incomes in the sharecropping agreement?

Thomas Ross

Which of the following is NOT true about Andrew Johnson?

Through hard work, he rose into the planter class and then became a successful politician.

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce were the first two black:

U.S. senators.

The Whiskey Ring scandal took place during the administration of:

Ulysses Grant.

How can Andrew Johnson be compared to Abraham Lincoln?

When making decisions, Johnson was less flexible than Lincoln

By examining Reconstruction from 1863-1877, what conclusion can be drawn?

With three different government plans, it was one of the most complex time periods in American history.

The idea that change comes slowly can be evidenced by what event during Reconstruction?

Women were excluded from the suffrage amendment.

Which of the following would have been the least likely witness against the crimes of the Ku Klux Klan in a federal prosecution?

a Confederate veteran

"Waving the bloody shirt" referred to:

a Republican attempt to associate Democrats with secession and treason.

Howard University is well known as:

a black university in Washington, D.C.

If a man from Maine came to live in the South as a teacher, what would he most likely be labeled as?

a carpetbagger

The southern Black Codes:

allowed the arrest on vagrancy charges of former slaves who failed to sign yearly labor contracts.

When Congress sent Andrew Johnson the Civil Rights Bill of 1866, he:

argued that it discriminated against whites.

How did the authors of the 1865 Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson describe their liberation?

as an expression of God's will

The Civil Rights Bill of 1866:

defined the rights of American citizens without regard to race.

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in the 1873 case in which Myra Bradwell challenged an Illinois statute excluding women from practicing law:

demonstrates that, while racial definitions of freedom were changing, gendered ones still existed.

In many ways Reconstruction policies and events were radical; in what area did they not make any dramatic changes?

economics

During Reconstruction, southern cities:

enjoyed newfound prosperity as merchants traded more frequently with the North.

Southern Republicans during Reconstruction:

established the South's first state-supported schools.

During Reconstruction, those like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone who supported a woman's right to vote:

found themselves divided over whether or not to support the Fifteenth Amendment.

Anything less than __________ would betray the Civil War's meaning, black spokesmen insisted.

full citizenship

Radical Republicans:

fully embraced the expanded powers of the federal government born during the Civil War.

Black officeholders during Reconstruction:

helped ensure a degree of fairness in treatment of African-American citizens.

The Liberal Republican movement in 1872:

initially had little to do with Reconstruction but encouraged opposition to Grant's policies in the South.

All of the following are true of passage of the Fifteenth Amendment EXCEPT:

it aided the election of Ulysses Grant to the presidency in 1868.

The crop-lien system:

kept many sharecroppers in a state of constant debt and poverty.

Andrew Johnson:

lacked Lincoln's political skills and keen sense of public opinion.

According to the authors of the 1865 Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson, what was the foundation of freedom?

land ownership

For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant:

land ownership.

The most ambitious, but least successful, of the Radical Republicans' aims was:

land reform.

The Bargain of 1877:

led to the appointment of a southerner as postmaster general.

The Freedmen's Bureau:

made notable achievements in improving African-American education and health care.

The Fourteenth Amendment:

marked the most important change in the U.S. Constitution since the Bill of Rights.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Slaughterhouse Cases that:

most rights of citizens are under the control of state governments rather than the federal government.

Most of those termed "scalawags" during Reconstruction had been:

non-slaveholding white farmers from the southern up-country prior to the Civil War.

During Reconstruction, southern state governments helped to finance:

railroads.

General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order 15:

set aside the Sea Islands and forty-acre tracts of land in South Carolina and Georgia for black families.

With the beginning of Radical Reconstruction, southern African-Americans in the late 1860s and early 1870s took direct action to remedy long-standing grievances. These actions included:

sit-ins that helped to integrate horse-drawn streetcars in southern cities.

The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to:

stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan.

The two maps of the Barrow Plantation demonstrate:

the African-American commitment to education.

Which of the following was clear evidence of the desire of southern freedmen to improve their community and individual condition?

the establishment of Fisk University

Which of the following attests to President Johnson's deeply racist views of African-Americans?

the makeup of the southern state conventions of 1865

What provision of the Sharecropping Contract from 1866 clearly exceeded the mere sharing of the crop and introduced elements of the order of slavery?

the minimum work-hour requirement

What evidence does Eric Foner provide for describing Illinois Senator Lyman Trumbull as a moderate Republican?

the omission of black voting rights in the Civil Rights Bill

What proof is there for the claim that Reconstruction was the "negro's hour"?

the ratification of the 14th Amendment

What did the freedmen request in their "Petition of Committee on Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson" in 1865?

the right to purchase a homestead

Which of the following provides evidence for the argument that northern whites were retreating from the Reconstruction of the South even before the compromise of 1877?

the slaughterhouse cases

Which of the following underlines the strong parallels between the Freedmen's Bureau of the Reconstruction period and the Great Society programs one hundred years later?

their efforts to provide aid to the poor

In 1875, when Mississippi governor Adelbert Ames asked President Grant for help because white rifle clubs had openly assaulted and murdered Republicans, Grant:

told Ames that the northern public was "tired out" with southern problems.

The Fifteenth Amendment:

was drafted by Susan B. Anthony.

Sharecropping:

was preferred by African-Americans to gang labor (because they were less subject to supervision).

The election of 1876:

was tainted by claims of fraud in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.

Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of southern governments run by Republicans during Reconstruction?

widespread transformation of plantations into black-owned farms