chapter 16 biology

Which of the following goals are included in the Superfund Act?

- Address emergency spills - Allow the Environmental Protection Agency to try to establish liability - Address the remediation of orphaned sites

What are some common air quality concerns that the Clean Air Act protects against?

- Airborne sulfuric acid - Airborne metal such as mercury - Coal smoke

How can sustainable development be accomplished?

- By having a growing reliance on renewable energy resources - By growing through resource management, education, and the arts

Which issues are addressed by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

- Clean energy - Clean water - Gender inequality

Which of the following correctly describe ways in which lawbreakers can be prosecuted for harming the environment?

- Criminal law allows for someone to seek compensation for damages when they have been impacted by environmental pollution. - Civil law can regulate relations between individuals and corporations where there is accusation of environmental and personal impact.

Which of the following statements is correct about the U.S. court system?

- Each state has its own supreme court to determine if a law is consistent with the state's constitution. - The U.S. Supreme Court decides whether a law is consistent with the Constitution of the United States.

The two agencies primarily responsible for the studying and restoration of threatened and endangered species populations are the U.S. ___ and ____ Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

- Fish - Wildlife

What does NEPA do?

- It requires an environmental impact statement to be published for every major federal project likely to have an impact on environmental quality. - It authorizes the Council on Environmental Quality. - It directs federal agencies to take environmental consequences into account in decision making.

What frequently motivates a country to participate in an international agreement?

- Maintaining a strong international reputation - To avoid public embarrassment

Which of the following agencies are responsible for studying and attempting to restore threatened and endangered species? Multiple select question.

- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Fish and Wildlife Service

The Sustainable Development Goals promoted by the United Nations include which of the following?

- Providing safe water and clean energy - Promoting gender and economic equality - Eliminating severe poverty and hunger

What factors are involved in the establishment of a policy?

- Public interest - Power and money - Negotiations and compromise

Which of these environmental regulations were passed to control toxic substance pollution?

- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act - Toxic Substances Control Act - Marine Protection Act

Which of the following are examples of a civil case leading to a conviction?

- The Exxon oil company was charged with paying $5 billion in damages to Alaskan fishermen. - The Koch oil company paid $35 million in fines and penalties to state and federal authorities for negligence in more than 300 oil spills.

Which three entities are involved in the process of passing statutory laws?

- The Senate - The president - The House of Representatives

What does the Endangered Species Act do?

- The act provides rules for protecting endangered species and their habitat. - The act provides a structure for identifying and listing species that are vulnerable, threatened, or endangered.

Why were many environmental policies established in the 1970s?

- There was strong bipartisan action in politics. - Environmental degradation was very apparent. - The lobbying industry was still small.

What is the purpose of the Clean Air Act?

- To provide the first nationally standardized rules in the United States for air pollutants - To identify and regulate seven major air contaminants - To identify, monitor, and reduce air contaminants

Corporations benefit from governmental assistance through ___.

- educated workers - police and firefighter protection - infrastructure

The first goals of the Clean Water Act were to identify and control ___.

- end-of-the-pipe discharges from factories - point-source pollutants - discharges from sewage treatment plants

The U.S. Supreme Court ___.

- is the court of last resort for appeals for both federal and state court systems - is composed of nine justices whose job is to judge whether a law is consistent with the U.S. Constitution

The general public benefits from governmental assistance via ___.

- police and fire protection - social security payments - public schooling

Nations have become increasingly interested in signing on to international agreements because ___. Multiple select question.

- they recognize that they cannot protect their resources on their own - they recognize the interconnections of our global environment - many issues cross international boundaries

Match each major environmental area with its related environmental laws. 1. Air quality 2. Water quality 3. Land, species, and habitat 4. Oceans

1. Clean Air Act, Clean Air Act Amendments 2. Water Pollution Control Act, Safe Drinking Water Act 3. Endangered Species Act, Alaska National Interest Lands Act 4. Marine Protection Act, Coastal Zone Management Act

Match the following groups to the correct department. 1. National Park Service 2. U.S. Forest Service

1. Department of the Interior 2. Department of Agriculture

Match the international agreement with the correct description. 1. Basel Convention 2. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 3. Montreal Protocol 4. Kyoto Protocol

1. Restricts shipment of hazardous waste across boundaries 2. Directs governments to share data on climate change and to develop plans for controlling greenhouse gases 3. Protect stratospheric ozone 4. Set targets for greenhouse gas emissions

Many environmental policies were established in the ___ in response to unregulated environmental degradation, strong bipartisan action in politics, and the relatively weak influence (legally) of corporate monies.

1970s

How did Greenpeace put pressure on Britain to stop disposing of coal ash in the North Sea?

By exposing monitoring data, the evidence proved to be an embarrassment to Britain, and the ocean dumping practice was halted.

How does the judicial branch of government establish environmental law?

By ruling on the constitutionality of statutes and interpreting their meaning

Federal laws are created by first being proposed and enacted by ___ and then being signed by ___. Multiple choice question.

Congress; the president

The U.S. ___ oversees public lands and national parks.

Department of the Interior

Which law allows a species to be listed for varying levels of protection and provides rules for that protection?

Endangered Species Act

Which cabinet-level department has the primary responsibility for protecting environmental quality in the United States?

Environmental Protection Agency

What is NEPA?

The National Environmental Policy Act

Why were insurance companies the first corporations to call for action on climate change?

They could lose billions from worsening storms and droughts.

The Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972 aimed to make ___.

U.S. waters "fishable and swimmable"

What does it mean to divest yourself of fossil fuels?

You get rid of investments in the oil and gas industry.

President Trump hiring a corporate leader from the oil and gas industry to head the Department of Energy is an example of regulatory ___ one intention behind this was to change environmental policy.

capture

Cities, countries, and universities are increasingly ___ themselves from fossil fuels, i.e., they are getting rid of their investments associated with the oil and gas industry.

divesting

Regulatory capture occurs when a president hires someone who is antagonistic to an agency's mission as the head of that agency, with the intent to ___.

dramatically change U.S. policy

To establish environmental ___ , the judicial branch examines the body of legal opinions built up by many court cases and reviews legislative records from hearings to determine congressional intent.

law or laws

Countries have begun to recognize the interconnections of protecting our global environment, leading them to sign on to international

policies, agreements, treaties, conventions, accords, or policy

A plan or statement of intentions and rules that outlines acceptable behaviors or accomplishes some end is known as a(n) ___.

policy

Practices and rules designed to protect natural resources and public health is the realm of environmental

policy

The creation of ____ in a democratic system include many influences: negotiation, compromise, citizen action, power, money, and open debate.

policy or policies

In the United States, the executive branch is headed by the

president

Enforcement of international agreements frequently depends on how much a country cares about its ___ with other countries.

reputation

The Montreal Protocol protects ___.

stratospheric ozone

The term used to describe ways of living more lightly on earth by using less and sharing more is ___.

sustainable development

The executive branch in the United States includes administrative agencies such as ___.

the Environmental Protection Agency

The goal of the Superfund Act is to generate a large pool of money ___.

to help remediate abandoned toxic sites

The primary reason why insurance companies, and even some energy companies such as Statoil in Norway, are divesting their fossil fuel holdings and supporting environmental policies is that they ___.

will lose a lot of money if they don't