Chapter 16: Endocrine System

Which of the following is a mineralocorticoid?

Aldosterone

Testosterone is an example of a male sex hormone. Collectively, male sex hormones are called

Androgens

Which hormones play a role in calcium metabolism?

Calcitonin PTH

Select the two major portions of the adrenal glands.

Cortex Medulla

Select all sex hormones (gonadocorticoids) that are secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Dehydroepiandrosterone Estradiol

Select the hormones that are produced by the adrenal medulla.

Epinephrine Norepinephrine

FSH and LH regulate the secretion of which of the following hormones?

Estrogen Testosterone Progesterone

True or false: Secretion of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone is regulated by the anterior pituitary gland.

False

Select all common symptoms or signs of diabetes mellitus.

Fatigue Excessive thirst Glucose in the urine Weight loss Hunger Frequent urination High blood sugar

Which of the following hormones are examples of gonadotropic hormones?

Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone

Which symptom is associated with diabetes?

Frequent urination

Which of the following are complications associated with diabetes mellitus

Kidney failure Stroke Blindness

Which of the following is a function of mineralocorticoid hormones?

Maintain blood volume and salt balance

Select the types of hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids

Select the types of hormones that are a long-term response to stress.

Mineralocorticoids Glucocorticoids

Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus but secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone

Which types of hormones are typically considered first messengers?

Peptide

The gland in the neck that produces several important hormones, including thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin is the

Thyroid

True or false: Untreated diabetes mellitus is often a fatal disease.

True

Identify all of the symptoms associated with diabetes

Unintended weight loss Lack of energy Persistent thirst

Mineralocorticoids are produced mainly by which region of the adrenal glands?

Zona glomerulosa

Male sex hormones, such as testosterone, that are produced in the testes are classified as

androgens

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is one of seven hormones released from the _____ gland

anterior pituitary gland

Releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus directly regulate the secretions of the

anterior pituitary gland

The hormone prolactin is secreted by the ______ pituitary gland; it promotes ______.

anterior; milk production

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin both function to regulate

blood calcium levels

The outer portion of the adrenal gland, which secretes mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, and glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, is called the adrenal

cortex

Adrenocorticotropic hormone targets the adrenal cortex to produce

cortisol

A deficiency in iodine leads to a swollen thyroid gland, a condition called an endemic

goiter

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the

hypothalamus

The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by hormones produced by the

hypothalamus

When aldosterone is secreted into the blood, blood pressure will

increase

The stimulus that causes the parathyroid glands to secrete parathyroid hormone is

low blood calcium

The adrenal glands consist of an inner adrenal ____ and the outer adrenal _____

medulla; cortex

Coordinating the body's responses to changes to the external environment is primarily the function of the

nervous

The single most important organ system in coordinating our responses to a changing external environment is the

nervous

The two organ systems that maintain homeostasis through their control of other organ systems are the

nervous endocrine

The abdominal organ that secretes both digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon is called the

pancreas

A chemical messenger that influences the behavior of other individuals is a(n)

pheromone

ADH and oxytocin are released by the

posterior pituitary gland

The anterior pituitary hormone that promotes milk production is called

prolactin

When blood sodium levels and blood pressure are low, the kidneys secrete _______, which leads to the release of _____ from the adrenal cortex.

renin; aldosterone

cAMP is an example of a ______ which signals a cell to respond to a hormone bound to a receptor protein in the plasma membrane.

second messenger

The two major types of hormones are peptide hormones and ______ hormones.

steroid

The hormone that is responsible for muscular strength of males and that anabolic steroids mimic is

testosterone

When under the influence of the gonadotropic hormones FSH and LH, the testes begin to release increased amounts of ____ at puberty

testosterone