Chapter 16: How Populations Evolve

Which of the following is an example of sexual selection? A) The attraction of female Raggiana birds to a male Raggianas with an elaborately colored plumage B) Tall humans mating with other tall humans C) Inbreeding D) When one extreme phenotype is favored over phenotypes

A) The attraction of a female Raggiana birds to a male Raggianas with an elaborately colored plumage

An alteration in genetic material is: A) a mutation. B) genetic drift. C) microevolution. D) nonrandom mating.

A) a mutation.

The shift in the population of peppered moths from 10% dark-colored moths prior to the advent of industry to 80% dark-colored moths after the advent of industry illustrates the process of _____. A) microevolution B) artificial selection C) macroevolution D) assortative mating

A) microevolution

Stabilizing selection: A) reduces the variability in populations. B) increases the variability in populations. C) does not affect the variability in populations.

A) reduces the variability on populations.

The loss of genetic diversity caused by a severe reduction in population due to a natural disaster is known as: A) the bottleneck effect B) disruptive selection C) gene flow D) random mating

A) the bottleneck effect

In some species, the female chooses a mate that is most similar to her size. This supports A) the good genes hypothesis B) the runaway hypothesis C) the sexual dimorphism hypothesis D) All of these hypotheses could be true E) None of these hypotheses are true

A) the good gene hypothesis

The occurrence of disruptive selection in the British land snails created ______. A) two different phenotypes, snails with dark shells and snails with light-banded shells B) one intermediate phenotype, snails with mottled shells C) a larger number of snails with dark shells D) a larger number of snails with light-banded shells

A) two different phenotypes, snails with dark shells and snails with light-banded shells

Which genotype is characteristic of the heterozygote advantage? A) HH B) Hh C) hh D) ta E) HT

B) Hh

All of the following are examples if territoriality EXCEPT: A) A male baboon showing his large canines B) Individuals mating with close relatives C) Roaring of red deer stags D) Vocalizations and displays of songbirds

B) Individuals mating with close relatives

When individuals tend to mate with those that have the same phenotype with respect to some characteristic, _____ occurs. A) sexual selection B) assortative mating C) random mating D) genetic drift

B) assortative mating

Equus, the modern horse, adapted to a grassland habitat with a larger body size than its ancestor, Hyracotherium, which was adapted to forested areas. This is an example of: A) disruptive selection B) directional selection C) stabilizing selection

B) directional

When an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve shifts in that direction, _____ selection occurs. A) stabilizing B) directional C) disruptive

B) directional

When a population is small, there is a greater chance of A) gene flow B) genetic drift C) natural selection D) mutations E) sexual selection

B) genetic drift

Following genetic drift, A) genotype and allele frequencies would not change B) genotype and allele frequencies would change C) adaptation would occur D) the population would have more phenotypic variation but less genotypic variation

B) genotype and allele frequencies would change

The increased fitness of the individuals who are _____ for sickle-cell trait in areas where malaria is prevalent maintains the recessive allele in the population. A) homozygous dominant B) heterozygous C) homozygous recessive

B) heterzygous

A group of organisms of the same species living together in the same geographic region is a(n): A) community B) population C) ecosystem

B) population

Hospital data have sh=own that human infants born with intermediate birth weights have a better chance of survival. Large babies tend to have more difficulties during delivery and smaller babies may not have fully functional organ systems. This is an example of what type of selection? A) disruptive B) stabilizing C) directional

B) stabilizing

What is the frequency f the dominant allele in a population of 100 individuals with the following genotypes: 10 BB, 60Bb, 10 bb? A) 0.2 B) 0.4 C) 0.6 D) 0.1

C) 0.6

Assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 21% of a population is homozygous dominant, 50% is heterozygous, and 29% is homozygous recessive. What percentage of the next generation is predicted to be homozygous recessive? A) 21% B) 50% C) 29% D) 42% E) 58%

C) 29%

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection? A) Over time, Equus developed strength, intelligence, speed, and durable grinding teeth B) British land snails mainly have two different phenotypes C) Swiss starlings usually lay four or five eggs, thereby increasing their chances of more offspring D) Drug resistance increases with each generation; the resistant bacteria survive, and the nonresistant bacteria get killed off E) All of these are correct

C) Swiss starlings usually lay four or five eggs, thereby increasing their chances of more offsprings

The total of all the genes of all the individuals in a population is the _____. A) gametes B) zygotes C) gene pool D) phenotype

C) gene pool

A red deer harem master typically dies earlier than other males because A) he will likely be expelled from the herd and cannot survive alone B) he will be more prone to disease because he interacts with so many animals C) he needs more food than other males D) he is apt to place himself between a predator and the herd to protect the herd E) he inherited the genetics for a shorter lifespan

C) he needs more food than other males

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, 2pq equals the frequency of _____ genotypes. A) homozygous dominant B) homozygous recessive C) heterozygous

C) heterzygous

The offspring of better-adapted individuals are expected to make up a larger proportion of the next generation. The most likely explanation is A) mutations and nonrandom mating B) gene flow and genetic drift C) mutation and natural selection D) mutations and genetic drift

C) mutation and natural selection

All of the following factors cause deviations from a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of allele frequencies EXCEPT: A) mutations B) migrations C) no selection D) nonrandom mating

C) no selection

A human population has a higher than usual percentage of individuals with a genetic disorder. The most likely explanation is A) mutations and gene flow B) mutations and natural selection C) nonrandom mating and founder effect D) nonrandom mating and gene flow E) All of these are correct

C) nonrandom mating and founder effect

The continued occurrence of sickle-cell disease with malaria in parts of Africa is due to A) continual mutation B) gene glow between populations C) relative fitness of the heterozygote D) disruptive selection E) protozoan resistance to

C) relative fitness of the heterozygote

A recessive allele that causes polydactylism is found in a usually large percentage of the Amish of Lancaster Country, PA because of _____. A) stabilizing selection B) sexual selection C) the founder effect D) industrial melanism

C) the founder effect

If the frequency of the dominant allele in a population of 0.2, then the frequency of heterozygous genotype is: A) 0.64 B) 0.8 C) 0.04 D) 0.32

D) 0.32

If there is a continued gene flow between two populations, then the gene pools of the two populations will: A) become more different over time. B) remain genetically isolated. C) stay the same over time. D) become more similar over time.

D) become more similar over time.

One way for disruptive selection to occur is if A) the population contains diversity B) the environment contains diversity C) population is present D) natural selection occurs E) All of these are correct

E) All of these are correct

Which of the following applies to the Hardy-Weinberg expression: p2+2pq+q2? A) Knowing either p2 or q2, you can calculate all the other frequencies B) It applies to Mendelian traits that are controlled by one pair of alleles C) 2pq=heterozygous individuals D) It can be used to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of the previous and the next generations E) All of these are correct

E) All of these are correct

Which of the following cannot occur if a population is to maintain an equilibrium of allele frequencies? A) People leave one country and relocate to another B) A disease wipes out the majority of a herd of deer C) Members of an Indian tribe allow only the two tallest people in the tribe to marry each spring. D) Large black rats are the preferred males in a population on rats. E) All of these are correct

E) All of these are correct