Chapter 16: Managing Change and Stress

What is the term used to describe a prolonged state of mental and physical exhaustion that cannot be fixed by getting a good night's sleep?

fatigue

List the steps in Lewin's Model of Change with the first step on top.

1 Unfreezing 2 Changing 3 Refreezing

Which of the following are considered among the five top practical implications for employees?

Be mindful of how you respond to change. Resistance is a given. Apply your knowledge of stress and coping skills.

What questions should you address when applying the systems model of change?

Change how? Change what? Why change?

To which degree do the three general types of organizational change differ?

Complexity Uncertainty Cost

How can companies help alleviate fatigue in their employees?

Educate workers on sleep management. Have the correct number of employees for the amount of work. Do not schedule workers unless they have adequate downtime.

When confronting failure, what do experts suggest you do?

Fail productively. Talk about it. Choose who you share it with.

What can be achieved by talking about a failure?

Gain another person's perspective. Own your mistakes. Recognize your vulnerabilities.

2 Match the stressor with the correct level or type.

Individual matches Choice, job loss job loss Group matches Choice, annoying coworkers annoying coworkers Organizational matches Choice, high pressure environment high pressure environment Extra-organizational matches Choice, work-life balance work-life balance

Match the stressor with the correct level or type.

Individual matches Choice, perceived lack of control over events perceived lack of control over events Group matches Choice, inconsistent manager behavior inconsistent manager behavior Organizational matches Choice, culture intensity culture intensity Extra-organizational matches Choice, managing career and education managing career and education

3 Match the stressor with the correct level or type.

Individual matches Choice, work overload work overload Group matches Choice, sexual harassment sexual harassment Organizational matches Choice, fear of inadequate performance fear of inadequate performance Extra-organizational matches Choice, socioeconomic status socioeconomic status

What are the key aspects of an effective vision? (Check all that apply.)

It outlines how to achieve a desirable future. It helps describe a desirable future.

What should managers do when it comes to stress reduction?

Lead by example.

Which of the following are needed as inputs to assure that the intended change is aligned with a firm's strategic plan?

Mission Vision

Which of the following are the key steps in Lewin's change model? (Check all that apply.)

Motivate to change Support the change Introduce new information to enable change

Which of the following are considered among the seven top practical implications for managers?

Not all changes are alike. Employee resistance will make or break your managerial effectiveness. Stress affects your performance and that of your employees.

Which of the following influence a change agent's actions and perceptions? (Check all that apply.)

Recipients' inactions Recipients' actions The quality of agent's relationship with recipients

______ can be a function of the change agent's actions, inactions, or perceptions.

Resistance

Which of the following must organizations do to address changing demographic factors?

They must make changes to the workplace environment to attract and retain diverse employees.

Select the components of readiness for change. (Check all that apply.)

Top management support Perceived personal consequences Personal ability to cope Necessity for change

True or false: Job stress means different things for different people.

True

True or false: Some change experts believe that resistance does not reside solely within the individual employee; they contend that it is a result of the context in which change occurs.

True

Match the Lewin change state on the left to its description on the right.

Unfreezing matches Choice, create the motivation to change create the motivation to change Changing matches Choice, introduce new information, models, and procedures introduce new information, models, and procedures Refreezing matches Choice, support and reinforcement support and reinforcement

Select the three types of organizational change.

adaptive innovative radically innovative

A change is someone who is a catalyst in helping organizations to deal with old problems in new ways.

agent

What are the two methods for applying the systems model of change?

as an aid during the strategic planning process as a way to identify targets of change

Which of the following can external forces for change do to a company?

cause its demise provide opportunities to grow

Kotter proposed an eight-step process for leading organizational ______.

change

Select the stages in Lewin's change model.

changing refreezing unfreezing

The process by which people evaluate the meaning of events and demands on their own well-being is called appraisal.

cognitive

The component of OD that looks for problems and causes is called ______.

diagnosis

Stress that is associated with positive emotions and outcomes is called: Multiple choice question.

eustress

Determining whether an intervention is working is the component of OD called ________.

evaluation

Which of the following are components of the organization development process?

evaluation intervention diagnosis

Forces that originate outside of the organization are:

external

When fatigue occurs, what often accompanies it?

feelings of depression poor organization confusion

Which of the following are internal forces that can cause businesses to change?

human resource problems managerial behavior

What are some of the emerging sources of stress according to the American Psychological Association?

hunger housing instability discrimination

Kotter believes that change most often fails not because of poor planning but because of ineffective

implementation

Role conflict, role ambiguity, and job security are examples of stressors at what level?

individual

In the systems model of change, what do mission, vision, readiness, internal strengths, and external threats represent?

inputs

forces for change come from inside the organization.

internal

Human resource problems and managerial behaviors are examples of

internal forces for change

They must make changes to the workplace environment to attract and retain diverse employees.

internal forces for change

Which of these are common, effective stress-reduction techniques?

meditation regular breaks play

Select external forces of change.

mergers age information technology

What is exemplified by Instagram's statement "To capture and share the world's moments"?

mission statement

What is the blurb that states the reason for the organization's existence?

mission statement

What are some actions that organizations can take to achieve the desired change outcomes?

modify targeted elements of change solicit employees' opinions use employee feedback

What attitude about change will make you more likely to resist change?

negative

What factors need to be considered when dealing with different types of change--adaptive, innovative, and radical?

perceived associated threats complexity cost

Select key change agent characteristics that can cause change resistance.

poor timing leadership style disrupts cultural traditions failure to legitimize change personality conflicts

When employees show up to work but are sick or otherwise in no condition to work productively this is called

presenteeism

When employees show up to work but are sick or otherwise in no condition to work productively this is called:

presenteeism

Perceptions of whether a stressor is irrelevant, positive, or negative is called:

primary appraisal

Select internal forces of change.

productivity reward systems job dissatisfaction

Any thought, emotion, or behavior that does not align with changes to existing routines is called:

resistance to change

The notion that people resist both actual and potential events is known as:

resistance to change

A company's long-term goals and the actions needed to achieve those goals is called a

strategic plan

What is the term used to describe the harmful physical and emotional response that results when one's capabilities, resources, or needs do not match the requirements of the job?

stress

Which of the following statements about stress are accurate?

stress is inevitable it can be managed it can have positive consequences

Factors that produce stress are called:

stressors

True/False: Stressors can occur at the individual, group, organizational, and extra-organizational levels. True false question.

true

A company's _______ describes a compelling future state.

vision

The change model based on the idea that any change has a cascading effect throughout a firm is called a model.

system

A ______ approach to change can be used to figure out what to change and to determine how to evaluate the success of a change effort.

systems

The idea behind the ______ approach is that change creates additional change.

systems

What environmental factors can have a significant effect on worker fatigue?

temperature light sound

What are the three causes of resistance to change?

the change agent the recipients of change the relationship between the change agent and the recipient

The expanded view of resistance states that it is caused by the interaction between the changer, the change recipient, and:

the relationships between the change recipients and change agents

The SWOT analysis, which determines strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, can be used in developing what?

a strategic plan

The change model based on the idea that any change, no matter how large or small, has a cascading effect throughout a firm is called:

a systems approach

Which of the following statements are true about implementing corporate change?

Gathering feedback about the change is beneficial. People often resist change due to work environment issues. Don't assume people consciously resist change.

A model of occupational stress suggests that potential stressors can be at which levels?

extra-organizational individual group organizational

Beliefs, attitudes, and intentions regarding the extent to which changes are needed and the capacity available to successfully implement those changes is called:

readiness for change

In order to address changing demographics, firms are changing the work environment and benefits packages:

to attract and retain diverse employees