Chapter 16 review (World History)

A socialist group, the _______________, represented the radical interests of lower classes.

Soviets

The war quickly turned into a

Stalemate

The United States tried to remain neutral, but unrestricted _______________ warfare by the Germans brought America into the war in 1917.

Submarine

"Peace, _______________, Bread" summed up the Bolshevik program.

Land

The Bolsheviks came under the leadership of V.I. _______________.

Lenin

What action of Russia prompted Germany to declare war?

Russia employed full mobilization of its entire army

Nicholas ordered troops to break up crowds by _______________ if necessary

Shooting

The communist had a ______________ sense of purpose.

Single-minded

After William II's departure, the ______________ in Germany under Friedrich Ebert announced the creation of a ______________ republic.

Social Democrats; Democratic

What did liberals believe about European states in the early nineteenth century?

They believed that if they could organize along national lines they could achieve peace

In March 1917, a series of strikes led by _______________, started in Petrograd.

Women

The withdrawal of the Russians allowed Germany to concentrate on the ______________.

Western Front

On November 6, 1917, the Bolsheviks seized the _______________.

Winter Palace

By 1917, the war that had started in Europe had truly become a _______________.

world conflict

What did the large size of European armies make obvious?

If war did come, it would be highly destructive

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson portrayed World War I as a people's war against "______________ and ______________".

Absolutism; Militarism

_______________ regimes such as Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary relied on force to subdue their populations.

Authoritarian

World War I affected the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, however remote they might be from the _______________.

Battlefields

For what official reason did Great Britain declare war on Germany?

Because Germany violated Belgian neutrality

The Allies took advantage of the war to seize German _______________ in the rest of the world.

Colonies

An attempt at revolution left the German middle class with a deep fear of ______________.

Communism

Real power stayed with the _______________, headed by Lenin.

Council of People's Commissars

_______________ was increasingly cut off from events by his wife.

Czar Nicholas 2

By 1920, major opposition to the Communists had been _______________.

Defeated

The Ottoman Empire came into the war on the side of _______________, prompting the Allies to declare war on them as well.

Germany

David Lloyd George, prime minister of ______________ had a simple platform at the Peace Conference: make the Germans ______________ for this dreadful war.

Great Britain; Pay

In August 1914, most people seemed genuinely convinced that their nation's cause was

Just

The Bolsheviks were a _______________ party called the Russian Social Democrats.

Marxist

Allied forces gave _______________ to anti-Communist forces.

Material aid

What three things may have played a role in starting World War I?

Militarism, nationalism, and the desire to stifle internal dissent

On July 16, 1918, soviets ______________ Czar Nicholas and his family.

Murdered

Allied ______________ on the Western Front had been badly defeated.

Offensives

Many people were _______________ to the Bolshevik or Communist regime.

Opposed

In January 1919, representatives of 27 victorious Allied nations met in ______________ to make a final settlement of the Great War.

Paris

The German Schlieffen Plan called for the German army to sweep around __________ and surround most of the French army.

Paris

By the end of 1915 _______________ began to be used to attack ground targets.

Planes

In some countries, the role played by women in wartime economies had a _______________ impact on the women's movement for social and political _______________.

Positive; emancipation

Before 1914, many political leaders thought war in Europe could be

Prevented

Government __________ had worked in stirring up national hatreds before the war.

Propaganda

The entry of the United States into the war in 1917 gave the Allies a much-needed ______________ boost.

Psychological

Leon Trotsky organized a well-disciplined ______________.

Red Army

Secret police began a ______________ aimed at crushing dissent.

Red Terror

______________ among the nations that succeeded Austria-Hungary would weaken eastern Europe for the next 80 years.

Rivalries

What was Germany's Schlieffen Plan?

The plan called for a two-front war with France and Russia

Both the German and Russian empires lost considerable ______________ and the Austro-Hungarian Empire ______________ altogether.

Territory; Disappeared

Name the two loose alliances of Europe's great powers

The Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, Britain, and Russia)

What assassination instigated war between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia

The German advance was halted at

The first battle of the Marne

How did Socialist labor movements affect strife at the start of the twentieth century?

They used violent strikes to achieve their goals, which led to rebellion and revolution

By what route did Germany invade France?

Through Belgium

In the ______________, Germany was ordered to pay reparations for all the damage to which the Allied nations had been subjected.

Treaty of Versailles

The unexpected development of __________ on the Western front baffled military leaders

Trench warfare

Lenin and the communists ______________ in the Civil War.

Triumphed

Russia was _______________ for the total war of World War I.

Unprepared

In 10 months at __________, France, seven hundred thousand men lost their lives over a few miles of land.

Verdun

They became a party dedicated to _______________ revolution.

Violent