🧼🍡🧼Chapter 16 test 🧼🍡🧼

15) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, the A) hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) cell membrane becomes depolarized. C) second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) cell becomes inactive. E) hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA.

C

31) The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. E) gap synaptic junctions.

C

38) Growth hormone does all of the following except A) promote bone growth. B) promote muscle growth. C) cause fat accumulation within adipocytes. D) promote amino acid uptake by cells.

C

29) The hypophyseal portal system A) has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins. B) carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. C) carries ADH and oxytocin. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers is correct.

D

35) The hormone produced by the pars intermedia of the adenohypophysis during early childhood is A) FSH. B) ADH. C) TSH. D) MSH. E) ACTH.

D

19) All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they A) are produced by the adrenal medulla. B) are derived from cholesterol. C) are produced by reproductive glands. D) bind to receptors within the cell. E) are lipids.

A

3) The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways. A) endocrine B) cardiovascular C) body D) muscular E) integumentary

A

39) The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

A

9) Peptide hormones are A) composed of amino acids. B) produced by the adrenal glands. C) derived from the amino acid tyrosine. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.

A

14) Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) cannot diffuse through cell membranes. C) bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells. D) remain in circulation for relatively short periods of time. E) are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

C

22) Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein A) calcitonin. B) calcitriol. C) calmodulin. D) calcium-binding globulin. E) calcitropin.

C

25) Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except A) catecholamines. B) peptide hormones. C) steroid hormones. D) eicosanoids. E) tryptophan derivatives.

C

27) Regulatory hormones that control secretion of anterior pituitary hormones are released by neurons at the ________ of the hypothalamus. A) paraventricular nuclei B) supra-optic nuclei C) median eminence D) infundibulum E) geniculate bodies

C

28) Neurons of the supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture A) CRF and GnRH. B) TSH and FSH. C) ADH and OXT. D) FSH and PRL. E) GHIH and GHRH.

C

10) Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) thyroid hormone. D) thyroid-stimulating hormone. E) melatonin.

D

13) Extracellular membrane receptors are used by all of the following types of hormones except A) catecholamines. B) peptide hormones. C) leukotrienes. D) steroid hormones. E) prostaglandins.

D

16) The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually A) cAMP. B) cGMP. C) ATP. D) a G protein. E) calcium ion levels.

D

17) When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes, A) ATP is consumed. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed. E) None of the answers is correct.

D

24) The intracellular protein ________ binds calcium ions. This complex can then activate enzymes. A) receptor B) cAMP C) G protein D) calmodulin E) ATP

D

26) The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) adrenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus gland.

D

7) All target cells A) have hormone receptors. B) can respond to chemical signals. C) secrete hormones. D) have hormone receptors and can respond to chemical signals. E) secrete hormones and have hormone receptors.

D

8) Hormones known as "catecholamines" are A) lipids. B) peptides. C) steroids. D) amino acid derivatives. E) derivatives of reproductive glands.

D

1) All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't A) respond rapidly to stimuli. B) respond specifically to stimuli. C) communicate by the release of neurotransmitters. D) respond with motor output. E) function independently of the endocrine system.

E

11) Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except A) peptides. B) steroids. C) eicosanoids. D) amino acid derivatives. E) carbohydrates.

E

21) An activated G protein can trigger all of the following except A) the opening of calcium ion channels in the membrane. B) the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. C) a fall in cAMP levels. D) a rise in cAMP levels. E) an increase ATP production.

E

33) Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except A) FSH. B) TSH. C) LH. D) GH. E) OXT.

E

37) The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except A) promotes uterine contractions. B) is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands. C) rises during sexual arousal. D) peaks at orgasm in both sexes. E) is responsive to osmoreceptors.

E

12) Hormonal actions on cells can affect all of the following except A) increase levels of cAMP. B) decrease levels of calcium ions. C) increase ATP production. D) decrease gene transcription. E) decrease hormone release through negative feedback.

B

36) Which of the following is released due to sensory input and thus part of a neuroendocrine reflex? A) FSH B) OXT C) TSH D) corticotropin E) somatotropin

B

40) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.

B

6) Which of the following is mismatched? A) direct communication � small solutes travel through gap junctions B) paracrine communication � molecules released in local area C) endocrine communication � target cells are directly adjacent to each other D) autocrine communication � limited to the cell that secretes the chemical signal E) synaptic communication � uses neurotransmitters that cross synapses

C

4) Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false? A) It has target cells that are mainly in distant tissues. B) It affects only cells with appropriate receptors. C) It releases secretions directly into body fluids. D) It is regulated by negative feedback mechanisms. E) It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

E

18) Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger? A) insulin B) ACTH C) epinephrine D) cyclic AMP E) TSH

D

20) Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time. A) only one B) one or two C) two D) several

D

23) After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, A) adenylyl cyclase is activated. B) cAMP is formed. C) G proteins are phosphorylated. D) gene transcription is initiated. E) ion channels are opened.

D

34) The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) FSH. B) TSH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) MSH.

D

2) Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses. A) hormones; neurotransmitters B) neuropeptides; neurotransmitters C) neurotransmitters; hormones D) neurotransmitters; neuropeptides E) neuropeptides; neurohormones

A

30) The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems. A) endocrine; nervous B) cardiovascular; nervous C) renal; endocrine D) nervous; renal E) endocrine; lymphatic

A

32) Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result? A) loss of ADH secretion B) loss of GH secretion C) loss of melatonin secretion D) loss of emotional response E) loss of regulatory factor secretion

A

5) ________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Hormones B) Neuropeptides C) Neurotransmitters D) Paracrine factors E) None of the answers is correct.

A