Chapter 16

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? A) increased diapedesis of phagocytes B) cytolysis C) increased margination of phagocytes D) inflammation E) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place. A) C1 B) C2 C) C3 D) C5 E) C6

C3

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body. B) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses. C) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses. D) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. E) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.

Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT A) multiple layers of cells. B) saliva. C) HCl. D) tears. E) the "ciliary escalator."

HCl

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT A) HOCl. B) OH. C) H2O2. D) complement. E) O2-.

complement

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths? A) eosinophils B) lymphocytes C) neutrophils D) monocytes E) basophils

eosinophils

Each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT A) increased blood vessel permeability. B) opsonization. C) bacterial cell lysis. D) interference with viral replication. E) increased phagocytic activity.

interference with viral replication

All of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT A) leukotrienes. B) histamine. C) prostaglandins. D) kinins. E) lysozymes.

lysozymes

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity? A) basophils B) erythrocytes C) macrophages D) neutrophils E) eosinophils

macrophages

Leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by A) skin cells. B) mast cells and basophils. C) neutrophils. D) macrophages. E) eosinophils.

mast cells and basophils

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) There are at least thirty complement proteins. B) Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis. C) Complement activity is antigen-specific. D) All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. E) Complement increases after immunization.

There are at least thirty complement proteins

A chill is a sign that A) body temperature is falling. B) body temperature is rising. C) body temperature is not changing. D) the metabolic rate is decreasing. E) blood vessels are dilating.

body temperature is rising

TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT A) LPS. B) PAMPs. C) peptidoglycan. D) AMPs. E) flagellin.

AMPs

Histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability. True False

True

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract. True False

True

All of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it A) accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract. B) intensifies the effect of antiviral interferons. C) can be initiated by specific types of pathogens. D)is caused by interleukin-1 and TNF-alpha coming into contact with the hypothalamus. E) stimulates T lymphocyte activity.

accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract.

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT A) diapedesis. B) chemotaxis. C) release of histamines and prostaglandins. D) dilation of blood vessels. E) antibody synthesis.

antibody synthesis

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT A) production of antibody. B) activation of complement. C) phagocytosis. D) inflammation. E) production of interferon.

production of antibody

Which one of the following compounds intensifies the effects of histamine and helps phagocytes migrate through capillary walls? A) prostaglandins B) IFN-γ C) kinins D) leukotrienes E) antibodies

prostaglandins

All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT A) they are found in tissues of the lymphatic system. B) they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells. C) they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis. D) they are a type of lymphocyte. E) they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis.

they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis