chapter 17 - 18

This occurs during the absorptive state A. glycogen is depleted, fats are used as an energy source B. fatty acids are converted to acetyl- CoA C. excess glucose is converted into glucose or fats D. acetyl- CoA is used to produce Keton bodies in the liver

C

This person would most likely have decreased BMR A. pregnant woman B. a thin muscular person C. A starving person D. a young child

C

This statement best describes ammonia A. a by- product of lipid metabolism B. formed during ketogenesis C. converted into urea in the liver D. produced during lipogenesis E. converted to keto acids

C

Vegetarians usually have to become more careful about his or her diet , than a person who includes meat In their diet because A. plants are not complete protein foods B. a Variety of plants must be consumed to include all essential amino acids C. Plants contain less protein per unit weight than meat D. a and b C. all of these

C

What is gingivitis? A. bacterial erosion of enamel B. infection of the pulp cavity C. Inflammation of the gums D. damage to cementum

C

Which digestive process occurs in the oral cavity? A. segmentation B. peristalsis C. Mastication D. absorption of carbohydrate nutrients

C

By definition, one _______ is the increase the ty ( heat) require to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius

Calorie

Starches and sugars are examples of ________________.

Carbohydrates

Vitamins A, D, E,K are ___________ soluble Vitamins B and C are _____________ soluble

Fat, Water

Mucus , bile pigments, bacteria, and unabsorbed nutrients is normally found in ____________.

Feces

The portion of the pharynx that begins at the level of the hyoid bone and opens into the esophagus behind the larynx is the ___________.

laryngopharynx

Organic compounds that include fats and oils are referred to as ____________.

lipids

The majority of production of glycogen occurs in the _____________ and the ___________.

liver, muscles

The breakdown of large food particles into smaller one is know as ______________ digestion.

mechanical

Mastication, chemical digestion, and ingestion are all functions which cavity ?

oral cavity

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the soft palate to the hyoid bone is the _______________?

oropharynx

After feces leave the ascending colon, it pass into what part of the intestinal tract?

transverse colon

Type of lipid stored within adipose tissue

triglycerides

Ketone bodies produced by ketogenesis travel to skeletal muscle and are converted into acetyl- COA, which then enters the citric acid ( Krebs) cycle to produce ATP TRUE OR FALSE

true

what is absorbed in the large intestines?

water and electrolytes

Dental caries are a degeneration of what structure ? A. enamel of the teeth B. lining of esophagus C. gum or gingiva

A

Functions of the _____________ is to absorb small amounts of nutrients, mixes food with gastric juices , starts the digestion of protein A. Stomach B. Pancreas C. Liver D. Spleen

A

In anerobic respiration lactic acid is released into the blood from skeletal muscle. when oxygen is available most of the lactic acid is converted back to pyruvic acid and glucose in here. A. liver B. skeletal muscle C. heart D. lung

A

Order of layers of the wall of the digestive tract deepest to superficial A. mucosa, submucosa, muscular external, serosa B. mucosa, submucosa, serosa, muscular external C. submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscular external

A

The pancreas secretes _______ by exocrine mechanisms and ___________ by endocrine mechanisms. A Digestive enzymes, Insulin B. Insulin, Digestive enzymes C. bile, insulin D. insulin, bile

A

This energy - requiring process forms larger molecules by joining together smaller molecules A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Metabolism

A

This mineral is involved in blood clotting muscle activity and nerve function, and a deficiency of it causes spontaneous nerve discharge and tetany A. calcium B. chlorine C. Iodine D. Iron E. Sodium

A

Which is an accessory organ of the digestive system? A. pancreas B. esophagus C. small intestine D. stomach

A

Name the substrate that the enzyme should be pared with A. Salivary amylase B. Pepsin C. pancreatic Lipase D. Nuclease

A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. lipids D. Nucleic acids

Symptoms that could be directly caused by liver failure A. increased bleeding B. drowsiness

A. increased bleeding

Subunits used to build protein molecules

Amino acids

Excess glucose after a meal will first form glycogen in this process A. glycolysis B. glycogenesis C. lipogenesis D. lipolyosis

B

Excess glucose in the body following a meal can be stored in the liver as this A. fat B. glycogen C. glucagon D. pyruvic acid

B

Feces pass from the ileum into the _____________? A. rectum B. Cecum C. ascending colon D. descending colon

B

Frequent and strong peristaltic contraction caused by irritation of the intestinal lining can quickly result in what problem ? A. constipation B. dehydration C. infection, such as food poisoning

B

The brain relies almost entirely on this for energy production A. Sucrose B. Glucose C. Frutose D. fatty acid E. Protein

B

The portion of the large intestines found between the transverse and sigmoid colon on the left side of the abdominal cavity is the ___________ colon. A. ascending B. descending C. transverse

B

This loss of heat results from the loss of water from the body's surface A. radiation B. evaporation C. conduction D. convection

B

This statement is concerning glycolosis A. it is an aerobic process B. a net of 2 molecules of ATP are provided C. a total of 38 ATP are produced D. 4 NADH are produced

B

Basal metabolic rate ( BMR) is the energy needed to keep the resting body functional and it accounts for about this percent of the energy expected during the day A. 7 B. 20 C. 60 D. 80

C

Order if organs of the digestive tract? A. oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine B. esophagus, oral cavity, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine C. oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

C

People on strict diet or that have Type 1 diabetes may check their urine periodically for ketones Excessive productions of ketones in the urine may indicate this A. excessive carbohydrate metabolism B. excessive protein metabolism C. excessive lipid metabolism D. excessive lactic acid production

C

The ____________ is a spongy retroperitoneal organ posterior to stomach and attached partially to the small intestines. A. gall bladder B. spleen C. pancreas

C

The organ that absorbs the most nutrients is the ? A. large intestine B. stomach C. small intestine

C

Proteins classified as being _______ proteins provide all of the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions for human tissue growth maintenance and nitrogen balance.

Complete

A calorie is the amount of energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of _________ one degree __________. A. water, Fahrenheit B. oil, Fahrenheit C. oil, centigrade D. water, centigrade

D

About 99 percent of the body's energy storage is in the form of this A. amino acids B. glucose C. glycogen D. lipids E. proteins

D

All of these are examples of proteins In the body Except ? A. collogen B. Enzymes C. hemoglobin D. lecithin E. myosin

D

In beta oxidation, free fatty acids are converted to this : A. glycerol B. glyceralenyde 3 phosphate C. pyruvic acid D. acety - CoA

D

The part of the colon that begins at the cecum and is found on the right side of the abdominal cavity is the _____________ colon. A. transverse B. descending C. sigmoid D. ascending

D

These events occur during the reactions of citric acid( Krebs) cycle except: A. ATP production B. NADH and FADHZ production C. carbon dioxide formation D. water molecule formation

D

This is the energy currency of the cell A. starch B. glycogen C. glucose D. ATP

D

This statement best describes essential nutrients A. are the only nutrients used by the body B. can be synthesized by the body from other ingested nutrients C. includes most carbohydrates D. must be ingested E. all of these

D

On a cool day, Vasoconstriction of the skin's blood vessels is beneficial because of this A. reduces skin temperature B. reduces heat loss C. prevents skin from becoming so cold that it is damaged D. all of these E. a and b

E

To produce a nonessential amino acid, keto acids are converted to amino acids by this process A. beta- oxidation B. Keto genesis C. lipo genesis D. oxidative deamination E. transamination

E

Cyanide poisoning blocks the last step in the electron transport chain and causes death for this reason. A. excess production of CO2 B. uses up too much O2 C. no ATP is produced aerobically D. anerobic respiration cannot keep up E. a and b F. c and d

F

The final portion of the small intestine is the ____________.

Ileum

Minerals are _________ compounds

Inorganic

After food leaves the dejodenum, it enters the __________

Jejunum

In nutrition, a unit of one thousand calories called a large calorie ( spelled with a capital C) in biochemistry, the unit of 1000 calories is called a ______________

Kilocalorie

The primary function the ___________ intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes and not other nutrients.

Large

Nutrients that are needed in larger quantities are __________.

Macronutrients

Poor nutrition that results from a lack of essential nutrients or an inability to utilize them is known as ______________.

Malnutrition

nutrients classified as _________ are needed in small daily doses, and include vitamins and minerals.

Micronutrients

Nutrients called ________ are inorganic elements essential in human metabolism

Minerals

The nasopharynx is found just posterior to the ?

Nasal cavity

A ______ is any ingested chemical that is used for growth, repair, or maintenance of the body.

Nutrient

The _______ is located Posterior to the oral cavity.

Pharynx

When swallowing a bolus of food moves from the mouth into the _________ before reaching the esophagus

Pharynx

Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are all examples of a type of carbohydrate called ____________

Polysaccharide

Hemoglobin, Enzymes, and Keratin are all examples of __________ in the body.

Proteins

In the center of the tooth is the pulp cavity which contains __________ made up of blood vessels and nerves

Pulp

Which part of the large intestines stimulates the defecation reflex

Rectum

The substance that functions to moisten the mouth, clean the teeth, inhibit bacterial growth, and aid in the swallowing by moistening food is called ?

Saliva

Internal anal sphincter consists of _________ muscle, External anal sphincter consists of ___________ muscle.

Smooth, Skeletal

`In the postabsorptive state, glycogen stores can only provide glucose for about 4 hours True or false

True

The nutrients group called ________ are organic substances needed for normal metabolism. since cells cannot synthesize them in adequate amounts, they are essential nutrients

Vitamins

Name the nutrient class that incudes sugars, glycogen and cellulose

carbohydrates

A series of hydrolysis reactions that breaks dietary macromolecules into monomers is known as ___________ digestion.

chemical

Two main components to digestion is ________, ___________ digestion.

chemical and mechanical

The term _________ is used to specify the alimentary canal between the ilocecal junction and the anus

colon

Proteins that provide all of the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions are classified as ____________ proteins

complete

the portion of the tooth that extends above the gum line is known as the _________.

crown

The __________ of a tooth often thins from years of brushing teeth, grinding and eating acidic foods.

enamel

Calcium, minerals, and most vitamins are examples of _________ nutrients

essential

Nutrients that the body needs but is incapable of synthesizing in adequate amounts are called ________ nutrients

essential

The sac on the underside of the liv that serves to store and concentrate bile is called ________?

gallbladder

___________ ______________ transfers energy from glucose to ATP

glucose oxidation

The synthesis of glycogen is called

glycogenesis

Constipation, obesity, and pregnancy are some causes of

hemorrhoids

Enlarged, inflamed rectal veins are known as ___________.

hemorrhoids

Within cellular membranes, name the type of macromolecules that functions as membrane receptors, pumps , ion channels and cell identity markers

proteins

Palatine, lingual, and pharyngeal are the three types of

tonsils

The wave like set of muscular contractions within the digestive tract that helps to propel contents along is called ________________?

peristalsis

A large molecule made up of many simple sugar molecules is a(n)

polysaccharide

what are the four lobes of the liver

right, left, quadrate, caudate

The portion of the tooth within the alveolus is known as the ________.

root

longitudinal wrinkles, In the lining of the stomach are called gastric ________

rugae

Food passes from the ________ into the duodenum.

stomach

The pancreas is located posterior to the _____________ and ____________.

stomach and parietal peritoneum