Chapter 17 & 18
The normal platelet count is 1.3 million - 4 million 10,000-13,000 130,000-400,000 1,000-3,000
130,000-400,000
The normal range of blood pH
7.35-7.45
This condition often occurs with a pituitary tumor; it can be identified by the excessive growth of the skeleton, especially cartilage of the face and thickening of the hands and feet.
Acromegaly
________ prompts the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.
Aldosterone
A hormone that is secreted by the posterior pituitary and regulates kidney function is _________ hormone.
Antidiuretic
The two primary groups of WBC-producers are colony-formers and non-colony formers B & T progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage colonies granulocytes and agranulocytes B cells and T cells
B & T progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage colonies
Match the hormones to the timing of their secretion Chronic: slow, steady secretion Cyclic: up and down in a regular rhythm Episodic: sudden release in response to environmental stimulus epinephrine thyroxine female reproductive hormone
Chronic: slow, steady secretion - thyroxine Cyclic: up and down in a regular rhythm - female repr. Episodic: sudden release in response to environmental stimulus - epinephrine
An excess of glucocorticoids or ACTH can result in _______ disease or syndrome; the face swells, and fat is deposited on the upper body; the skin thins and the face is flushed.
Cushing
A disorder that results in formation of goiter, along with exophthalmos, is called _______ disease.
Graves
The hormone secreted after a meal, when blood glucose level is too high, is _____.
Insulin
The pineal gland secretes a hormone that helps regulate bodily cycles and rhythms. This hormone is _________ .
Melatonin
Match each hormone to the control of secretion Nervous system stimulation Hormonal stimulation Direct stimulation by the chemical being regulated Insulin Thyroxine Epinephrine
Nervous system stimulation - epinephrine Hormonal stimulation - Thyroxine Direct stimulation by chemical - Insulin
The gland responsible for secreting two antagonistic hormones to regulate blood glucose level is the ____________.
Pancreas
Calcium is required in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways True False
True
There are more steps in the intrinsic pathway than in the extrinsic pathway True False
True
Hemolytic disease of newborns occurs when a second pregnancy involves an Rh neg. mother with an Rh pos. fetus a first pregnancy involves an Rh neg. mother with an Rh pos. fetus a second pregnancy involves an Rh neg. father with an Rh pos. fetus a second pregnancy involves an Rh pos. mother with an Rh pos. fetus
a second pregnancy involves an Rh neg. mother with an Rh pos. fetus
An abnormal clot that forms in an unbroken vessel is a thrombus an embolus an embolism an infarction
a thrombus
A antigens are found on the cell membranes of RBCs in what blood types? [mark all correct answers] a. A b. B c. AB d. O
a. A c. AB
Which of the following is/are not a plasma protein manufactured by the liver? (Choose all that are NOT.) [mark all correct answers] a. hemoglobin b. gamma globulins c. alpha globulins d. albumins e. fibrinogen
a. hemoglobin b. gamma globulins
The normal stimulus for increasing RBC production involves a. hypoxemia b. iron concentration c. bllod pH d. aldosterone levels
a. hypoxemia
The normal number of RBCs per cubic mm of blood is approximately 4 - 6 ______ . a. million b. hundred thousand c. hundred million d. thousand
a. million
A deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to a. pernicious anemia b. sickle cell anemia c. aplastic anemia d. hemophilia
a. pernicious anemia
The major contributor to plasma's colloid osmotic pressure is/are a. plasma proteins b. sodium chloride c. platelets d. RBCs e. formed elements
a. plasma proteins
Which of the following are components of hemoglobin? [mark all correct answers] a. porphyrin b. protein c. carbon dioxide d. iron e. bilirubin
a. porphyrin b. protein d. iron
Hemolytic anemias include [mark all correct answers] a. thalassemia b. pernicious anemia c. aplastic anemia d. sickle cell anemia
a. thalassemia d. sickle cell anemia
Which of the following is NOT a function of albumin? a. transport carbon dioxide b. contribute to plasma viscosity c. carry bilirubin d. buffer hydrogen ions
a. transport carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT a property of a steroid hormone? activates G proteins to stimulate second messenger intracellular receptor drugs based on them can be absorbed when taken in pill form binds to plasma proteins for transport in the blood initiates protein synthesis in the target cells
activates G proteins to stimulate second messenger
The most abundant plasma proteins are globulins fibrinogen antibodies albumins
albumins
Which of the following is NOT a normal value? all of these are normal values RBC count of male: 4.6 6.2 million RBCs/μL hematocrit of female: 37 48% hemoglobin of male: 13 18 g/dL
all of these are normal values
Hormones from the adrenal cortex that affect sexual development: aldosterone glucocorticoids androgens epinephrine
androgens
Nitrogenous wastes are transported to the kidneys for excretion contribute significantly to blood osmolarity are exhaled through the lungs, along with carbon dioxide are recycled as nutrients by the liver
are transported to the kidneys for excretion
What is the term for the swollen belly seen in kwashiorkor? COP ascites PCV edema
ascites
What % of the blood volume is made up of formed elements? a. 33 b. 45 c. 100 d. 55
b. 45
What function of the blood is the primary responsibility of platelets? a. Transport of regulatory molecules b. Clot formation c. Transport of gases d. Regulation of pH and osmosis
b. Clot formation
The usual initial cause of platelet activation is a. other platelets b. exposure to collagen fibers c. bleeding d. endothelial stimulating factors
b. exposure to collagen fibers
Which of these does NOT result in inappropriate clot formation? a. atherosclerosis b. hemophilia c. atrial fibrillation d. venous stasis
b. hemophilia
The most abundant type of white blood cell: a. lymphocyte b. neutrophil c. eosinophil d. monocyte e. basophil
b. neutrophil
The quickest reaction of a blood vessel to damage or irritation is a. prostacyclin release b. vascular spasm c. platelet plug formation d. clot formation
b. vascular spasm
The first blood cells are formed in the a. liver b. yolk sac c. spleen d. bone marrow
b. yolk sac
Which of the following is NOT a property of water-soluble hormones? bind to plasma proteins for transport in the blood plasma membrane receptors activate second messenger systems examples include protein hormones drugs based on these are typically injected, not swallowed
bind to plasma proteins for transport in the blood
Rh problems arise when a. An Rh negative mother's first child is Rh positive . b. An Rh negative mother's first child is Rh negative, and second is Rh positive. c. An Rh negative mother's first child is Rh positive, and second is Rh positive. d. An Rh negative mother's first child is Rh positive, and second is Rh negative. e. An Rh posative mother's first child is Rh negative, and second is Rh negative.
c. An Rh negative mother's first child is Rh positive, and second is Rh positive.
Which of these is the most abundant plasma protein? a. fibrinogen b. globulin c. albumin d. hemoglobin
c. albumin
My blood type is O. What antibodies do I carry in my plasma? a. AB antibodies b. O antibodies c. both A and B antibodies
c. both A and B antibodies
If the kidneys have restricted blood flow, even though blood to the rest of the body is normal, the result can be a. marrow cancer b. hypoxemia c. polycythemia d. thalessemia
c. polycythemia
Low platelet count is referred to as a. thrombopoietin b. hemophilia c. thrombocytopenia d. thrombopoiesis
c. thrombocytopenia
A thyroid hormone that helps regulate calcium is _______.
calcitonin
After hemoglobin, the most important organic molecule in RBCs is oxygen carbonic anhydrase sodium chloride albumin
carbonic anhydrase
Which of the following hormones has an anti-inflammatory effect? cortisone aldosterone glucagon thymosin
cortisone
Normal RBC life span is a. 3-4 weeks b. 6 months c. 10 years or more d. 100 - 120 days
d. 100 - 120 days
What function of the blood is the primary responsibility of leukocytes? a. Transport of nutrients and wastes b. Clot formation c. Transport of processed nutrients d. Protection against foreign substances
d. Protection against foreign substances
Stimulating myeloblasts to become granulocytes requires a. erythropoietin b. lymphoid stem cells c. thrombopietin d. colony-stimulating factors e. an active infection
d. colony-stimulating factors
A transient ischemic attack is commonly caused by a. vascular spasm b. embolus c. thrombus d. embolism
d. embolism
The blood cell type that has a very different origin than all others is the a. platelet b. monocyte c. granulocyte d. lymphocyte e. erythrocyte
d. lymphocyte
The stem cell of platelets is the a. lymphoid stem cell b. thrombocyte c. myeloblast d. megakaryocyte
d. megakaryocyte
The stem cell of RBCs is the a. myeloblast b. lymphoid stem cell c. megakaryoblast d. proerythroblast
d. proerythroblast
Which of the following is NOT true concerning erythropoiesis? development takes about a month to complete about 2.5 million RBCs are made each second normoblasts lose their nuclei, becoming reticulocytes erythropoietin from kidneys stimulates formation of erythroblasts from proerythroblasts
development takes about a month to complete
Most clotting factors - both procoagulants and anticoagulants - are formed by the a. kidneys b. marrow c. blood d. spleen e. liver
e. liver
Concerning hemoglobin: each hemoglobin molecule can hold one oxygen fetal hemoglobin has only 2 subunits the protein chains hold the oxygen each of 4 subunits contains one iron
each of 4 subunits contains one iron
Both the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways end with factor X are activated by platelet factors include factor VIII begin with factor I
end with factor X
Which of the following will increase in parasite infections? monocytes neutrophils basophils eosinophils
eosinophils
Functions of albumins include all but which of the following? contribute to viscosity influence fluid balance fight pathogens contribute to blood osmolarity
fight pathogens
At the end of their life span, RBCs.... are excreted in the bile are removed by bone marrow, which uses the hemoglobin to build new RBCs lyse in the blood stream and are removed by the kidneys get picked up by liver and spleen macrophages, and broken down for excretion and recycling
get picked up by liver and spleen macrophages, and broken down for excretion and recycling
The hormone secreted when blood glucose level falls too low is ________.
glucagon
This hormone increases amino acid uptake and protein synthesis; fatty acid utilization, glycogen synthesis, and blood glucose are also increased.
growth hormone
A sex-linked deficiency in clotting factors is hemophilia erythroblastosis jaundice thalassemia
hemophilia
The term for blood cell production is hemopoiesis erythropoiesis stem cell production anabolism
hemopoiesis
The primary function of platelets is hemopoiesis hemostasis erythropoiesis fight infection
hemostasis
Natural anticoagulants include factor VIII thrombin heparin vitamin K
heparin
The stimulus for erythropoietin is hypoxemia to the kidneys anemia low RBC count low blood pressure
hypoxemia to the kidneys
A condition of buildup of bilirubin in the blood indicates marrow cancer is always fatal occurs only in newborns is called jaundice
is called jaundice
The term for an abnormally low WBC count is leukocytosis leukopenia mononucleosis leukemia
leukopenia
Too few circulating WBCs is called
leukopenia
Dwarfism due to pituitary insufficiency can be identified, when compared to other causes of dwarfism. Which of the following describes it? limbs are short, but bone thickness is normal and torso size is normal growth is stunted, and so is neural development limbs and torso are proportionately small bones are softened and deformed
limbs and torso are proportionately small
Most clotting factors are formed by the liver red bone marrow spleen kidneys
liver
The vascular response to damage is release of serotonin vasodilation local vasoconstriction creating a vascular spasm production of prostacyclin
local vasoconstriction creating a vascular spasm
Which of the following would NOT be associated with hyperparathyroidism? kidney stones low level of calcium in the blood soft bones muscle weakness
low level of calcium in the blood
When clots form in the leg veins of bedridden patients, the most likely site of embolism is the lungs brain liver heart
lungs
Sympathetic stimulation of what part of the adrenal gland causes release of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
medulla
Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte? neutrophil monocyte basophil eosinophils
monocyte
Hematocrit is defined as the: amount of iron in the blood percent of total blood volume made up of cells percent of total blood volume made up of plasma normal RBC volume
normal RBC volume
This posterior pituitary hormone causes uterine smooth muscle contraction.
oxytocin
The hormone that stimulates an increase in blood calcium level is ________ hormone.
parathyroid
Serum is an artificial fluid with the same components as plasma plasma without the proteins plasma without the clotting factors fresh plasma
plasma without the clotting factors
The second stage in hemostasis is plasmin activatin antithrombin activity platelet plug formation clotting cascade activation
platelet plug formation
Cancer of the red bone marrow can lead to polycythemia low hematocrit anemia iron-poor blood
polycythemia
Aplastic anemia is a disease of the liver kidney red bone marrow spleen
red bone marrow
Dietary iron is absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine liver large intestine stomach
small intestine
Which of the following is NOT a method of controlling hormone secretion? these are all ways that hormones are controlled. secretion of other hormones nervous system stimulation direct control by the chemical being regulated
these are all ways that hormones are controlled.
Which of the following is true of platelets? they can live for weeks to months they are formed by megakaryocytes they are whole, functional cells they are formed in spleen and lymph nodes
they are formed by megakaryocytes
The enzyme (clotting factor) that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is a. thrombin b. Factor VIII c. thromboplastin d. plasmin
thrombin
The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin is kallikrein prostacyclin plasmin thrombin
thrombin
Which of the following organs is involved ONLY in lymphoid hemopoiesis? bone marrow thymus liver yolk sac
thymus
The principle hormone that regulates the body's metabolic rate is secreted by the ___________ gland.
thyroid
Which of the following glands is regulated by an anterior pituitary hormone? Choose all that apply. pancreas parathyroid thyroid adrenal
thyroid adrenal
Individuals with sickle cell trait have greater resistance to malaria two of the above answers are true carry only one defective gene have sickle cell anemia
two of the above answers are true
What property of blood relates to resistance to flow? ascites osmolarity viscosity colloid osmotic pressure
viscosity
Which of the following causes pernicious anemia? kidney failure genetic mutation hemorrhage vitamin B12 deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
You have the gene to produce the A antigen, but not the B antigen. Which of the following is true? you will have anti-B antibodies in your plasma. you can safely donate blood to individuals with type O blood. your can safely receive blood from an individual with blood type AB. you will have anti-A antibodies in your plasma.
you will have anti-B antibodies in your plasma.
Key nutrients for erythropoiesis include all of the following EXCEPT: vitamin B12 iron zinc folic acid
zinc
