Chapter 17: control of cardiovascular function
Which of the following individuals is most likely to be experiencing vasodilation? -A 51-year-old man with a history of hypertension who is taking a medication that blocks the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system -A 9-year-old boy who has been given an injection of epinephrine to preclude an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting -A 30-year-old woman who takes antihistamines to treat her seasonal allergies -A 32-year-old man who takes a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for treatment of depression
-A 51-year-old man with a history of hypertension who is taking a medication that blocks the effect of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
A nurse is reviewing an echocardiogram for a client with a congenital defect in the papillary muscles of the heart. Based on this result, which of the following assessments should the nurse complete? -Auscultation for a extra heart sound due to incomplete semilunar valve closure -Auscultate for a murmur caused by the backward expulsion of blood through the atrioventricular valves -Palpation of the pericardium for a heave or thrill -Monitor the blood pressure
-Auscultate for a murmur caused by the backward expulsion of blood through the atrioventricular valves
Which of the following factors represents the amount of blood that the heart must pump with each beat and is determined by the stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers and the actions of the heart prior to cardiac contraction? -Preload -Afterload -Cardiac contractility -Heart rate
-Preload
A nurse is caring for a client with right heart failure caused by pulmonary hypertension. Which hemodynamic parameter is most appropriate for the nurse to monitor? -Central venous pressure (CVP) -Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) -Blood pressure
-Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) The pulmonary arterial pressure is the main source of afterload work on the right heart.
A nursing student is studying the properties of cardiac rhythm to better understand what causes arrhythmias to occur. The student begins to understand that there is a programmed ability for certain cells to conduct impulses. Interruption in this ability can result in abnormalities of cardiac rate and rhythm; this property would be: -automaticity. -refractoriness. -conductivity. -excitability.
-conductivity.
A group of nursing students is discussing ventricular arrhythmias and one student is unsure why a client with frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) has an irregular radial pulse. One of the other students explains that premature ventricular complexes often do not produce a palpable pulse due to: -weakness of the ventricle. -decreased ventricular filling time. -ventricular compensatory pause. -recurrent ventricular pathways.
-decreased ventricular filling time.
