Chapter 17

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End- diastolic volume for each ventricle during rest is normally about

120 ml

Place the following parts of the cardiac conduction system in the order in which they transmit the action potential

3,6,1,4,2,5

Calculate the end-systolic volume (ESV) if the end-diastolic volume (EDV) in a resting heart is 110 ml and stroke volume (SV) is 70 ml.

40 ml

Stroke volume averages about

70 ml per heart beat

which vessel supplies the systemic circuit with oxygenated blood?

AOrta

Predict the position of the valves when the ventricles contract.

Both AV valves are forced shut while both semilunar valves are forced open

A damaged AV bundle or AV node will primarily affect the length of the __________________

P-R interval

During what part of the action potential will calcium ions enter the contractile cell?

Plateau phase

Blood that leaves the right ventricle enters the __________.

Pulmonary Trunk

On an electrocardiogram atrial depolarization is obscured by the

QRS wave

Which wave of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS wave

Which of the following can be used to measure heart rate?

R-R interval

The main pacemaker of the heart is the

SA node

The right and left atria depolarize and contract following the arrival of the action potential from the:

SA node

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one heartbeat is known as

Stroke volume

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output (CO) for a ventricle?

Stroke volume (SV) and Heart rate (HR)

What best describes the Frank- Starling law?

The Frank-Starling law states that the more the ventricular muscle cells are stretched, the more forcefully they contract.

Which of the following decreases heart rate?

acetylcholine

The right and left coronary arteries receive blood from the :

aorta

Where should the left ventricle send blood?

aorta

The P wave on the ECG represents the depolarization of cells in the __________

atria

Which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?

atrial natriuretic peptide

Autorhythmicity is the responsibility of:

cardiac pacemaker cells

The cusps of the atrioventricular valves attach directly to:

chordae tendineae

Inotropic agents affect:

contractility

Coronary veins empty into vessels known as the

coronary sinus

The right side of the heart receives

deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit

What largely determines preload?

end-diastolic volume (EDV)

The visceral pericardium is also known as the _______

epicardium

Which opening in the interatrial septum of the fetal heart connects the right and left atrium?

foramen ovale

High pressured blood in the ventricles:

forces the semilunar valves open

The apex if the heart is

inferior

What characteristic differentiates cardiac muscle cells

intercalated disc

Blood returning from the lungs enter the

left atrium

Which chamber experiences a maximum pressure of around 118 mm Hg during contraction?

left ventricle

the cardiac with the thickest ventricle is

left ventricleTe

What muscles, present in the ventricles, anchor by tendon like chords called chord tendineae

papillary muscle

The degree of stretch by the sarcomeres in the ventricle cells before they contract

preload

The aortic valve closes when __________.

pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

The AV valves close when

pressure in the ventricles increases

What is the function of the valves in the heart

prevent back flow of blood in the heart

Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base?

pulmonary trunk

Which of the following does NOT return blood to the right atrium of the heart

pulmonary vein

What vessel deliver oxygenated blood to the left atrium

pulmonary veins

What valve prevents the back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium

right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)

Which two arteries arise from the right coronary artery?

right marginal artery and right posterior interventricular artery

Archie has a resting heart rate of 125 beats per minute. Classify his cardiac dysrhythmia

tachycardia

What produces the "Lub dub" heart sounds?

the vibrations of the ventricular and blood vessel walls when valves shut

Blood in the right atrium should travel next past the

tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle

Which cranial nerves have a negative chronotropic effect on heart rate?

vagus nerve

Both the left and right atria receive blood from:

veins

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the __________.

vena cave

the chambers that have just emptied when the second heart sound is heard are the

ventricles

The T wave of an ECG corresponds to _________

ventricular repolarization


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