Chapter 17-Endocrine System (Connect Homework)

Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream.

-Excretion by the kidneys -Degradation by enzymes

Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?

-Feeling cold -Weight gain -Sluggishness

Place the following events in order.

-Hypothalamus releases CRH -Anterior pituitary gland releases ACTH -Adrenal vortex releases cortisol

Gestational diabetes _______.

-Occurs typically in the later half of the pregnancy -Can pose a risk to the fetus and pose delivery complications.

The endocrine system has many functions in the human body including the following.

-controlling metabolism -regulating blood composition -overseeing reproductive functions

The endocrine has many functions including

-controlling movement of food through the digestive tract -regulating blood ion concentrations -maintaining blood volume

The most common glucocorticoids are

-cortisol -corticosterone

Match each type of hormone interaction with an example from the body -synergistic -permissive -antagonistic

-estrogen and progesterone are more powerful together than they are alone -oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in the absence of prolactin -glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar respectively

Identify which are ways that hormones are eliminated from the bloodstream

-excretion by the kidneys -degradation by enzymes

Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli

-hormonal -humeral -neural

What are the two major controlling systems of the body

-nervous system -endocrine system

Which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?

-pineal gland -parathyroid gland

What is reduced as a consequence of an aging endocrine system

-sex hormone levels -muscle mass -GH levels

Which of the following are types of locally acting hormones called eicosanoids

-thromboxanes -leukotrienes -prostaglandins

Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?

-weight gain -feeling cold -sluggishness

Place the events in order

1. Hypothalamus releases CRH 2. Anterior pituitary releases ACTH 3. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol

Place the stages of the Stress Response in chronological order

1. the alarm reaction 2. the stage of resistance 3. the stage of exhaustian

Rank the layers of the adrenal cortex from superficial to deep

1. zona glomerulosa 2. zona fasciculata 3. zone reticularis

Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Addrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

The paired triangular ______ glands are found atop the superior surface of each kidney.

Adrenal

The _____ pituitary gland is the part of the pituitary gland that both produces and secretes hormones.

Anterior

If blood glucose levels are high, what type of cells of the pancreatic islets produce the needed insulin?

Beta

Most hormones are transported in the ______ to their target cells.

Blood

If a target cell is continually overstimulated by a hormone, it will decrease the number of receptors is has though ______ regulation.

Down

The only varied produce the female sex hormones ______ and ______.

Estrogen, progesterone

A hormone only has receptors on one type of cell in the body.

False

A hormone only has receptors on one type of cell in the body?

False

Lipid-soluble hormones are easily dissolved and travel freely in the blood.

False

_____ diabetes is associated with some pregnant women.

Gestational

This person has an enlargement of their thyroid known as a _______.

Goiter

The endocrine system releases chemical messengers called ________ into the blood stream.

Hormones

In T3 the 3 refers to the number of _____ molecules in the hormone.

Iodine

Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target cells neighboring those from which they were released, this is an example of ______ stimulation.

Paracrine

Which are structural classes of hormones?

Protein, steroid, and biogenie amine

Because of their structure, water-soluble hormones bind a receptor on the cell membrane initiating a series of biochemical events across the membrane known as a ______ transduction pathway.

Signal

The pituitary gland is located within the sella turcica of the _____ bone.

Sphenoid

Insulin promotes lipid storage

True

_____ diabetes is also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Type 1

The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the _____ pituitary

anterior

If someone has type 1 diabetes, it is because the _____ cells in their pancreas are no longer producing insulin.

beta

Type 2 diabetes results from either decreased insulin production or

decreased insulin effectiveness

Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered _____ hormones?

local

The outer region of the adrenal gland is the cortex, within which lies the inner region called the adrenal _____

medulla

The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the _____ sensitive it is to that hormone

more

Water soluble hormones bind to their target cell receptors found

on the surface of the plasma membrane

Identify the hormones produced by each region of the adrenal cortex

outermost region-mineralocorticoids middle region-glucocorticoids innermost region-gonadocorticoids

Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland

oxytocin ADH

Which endocrine gland is found in the epithalamus of the brain

pineal

GH stimulates cell growth, targeting primarily the

skeletal and muscular systems

Hormones are classified based on their chemical structure into how many distinct groups?

three

The term diabetes mellitus is derived from the phrase "sweet _____"

urine