Chapter 17 HW

When a human cell matures and becomes specialized, the process it has undergone is __________.

differentiation

The first mRNA triplet discovered was a code for which amino acid?

phenylalanine

The amino acids are attached by ________.

ribosome

DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, we can expect to find a _____ number of mistakes.

small

Which of the following represents the flow of information within a cell? A) RNA > protein > DNA B) DNA > RNA > protein C) DNA > protein D) DNA > protein > RNA

DNA > RNA > protein

Which of the following is NOT a rationale for using mRNA intermediates in gene expression? A) to amplify the response to its changing needs B) DNA lacks the necessary information for protein production. C) to connect the information (DNA) with protein-producing organelles (ribosomes) D) to preserve its original, pristine copy of the gene

DNA lacks the necessary information for protein production.

How does the production of sperm differ from the production of eggs?

Meiosis during sperm production produces four sperm cells, whereas meiosis during egg production produces only one functional egg cell.????? (not sure)

If the nitrogenous base sequence in a molecule of DNA is AATGCTC on one side of a double helix, then the nitrogenous base sequence on the other side of the helix would be ________.

TTACGAG

What is the relationship between the codon and the anticodon?

The codon is a set of three nucleotides found in the mRNA sequence. The anticodon is the complementary triplet found as part of the tRNA molecule.

Which of the following would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA? A) an A paired with a T B) a C paired with a G C) a G paired with a T D) all of the above are improper base pairs

a G paired with a T

The nucleotides for assembling mRNA are found ________.

free in the nucleus

If the human genome were considered to be a large cookbook, what would represent the individual recipes?

genes

Which of the following are listed in order from largest (most inclusive) to smallest? A) genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide B) chromosome, genome, nucleotide, gene C) genome, chromosome, nucleotide, gene D) gene, nucleotide, chromosome, genome

genome, chromosome, gene, nucleotide

A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens which may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the:

he egg cells

Nirenberg and Matthaei are famous for ________.

identifying the first mRNA triplet

List the stages of the cell cycle in correct order?

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

In the process of translation (and thus protein synthesis), the amino acid is carried in the cytoplasm by the ________.

tRNA

At which point in the cell cycle are cells the smallest?

the beginning of G1

In discussing the purpose for making mRNA, the most accurate statement below is that ________.

the mRNA is produced to carry the message from the DNA to the translation stage

When we say that the genetic code is "nearly universal," we mean that ________.

with very few exceptions, the same codon codes for the same amino acid throughout the living world

The difference between transcription and translation is that ________.

transcription is the process of producing the mRNA, and translation is the process of using the mRNA to assemble a sequence of amino acids that form a polypeptide

Which phase of the cell cycle is INCORRECTLY described? A) M--nuclear division occurs B) G1--a time of minimal cellular activity C) G2--a cell prepares for cell division D) S--sister chromatids are produced

G1--a time of minimal cellular activity

If the nitrogen base sequence on a strand of DNA is CGATACT, then the mRNA strand that is transcribed from this DNA strand is ________.

GCUAUGA

What is the function of the promoter site in transcription?

It is the site where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.

How do mutations affect an organism?

they may cause the development of a disease-causing allele, they may cause the development of a more beneficial allele and they, in some cases, may have no noticeable affect.

True or false. The semiconservative model of DNA replication states that each newly synthesized DNA molecule is composed of one parental strand of DNA and one newly synthesized complementary strand.

true

The three principal structural components of a nucleotide are ________.

a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

When speaking of bonding patterns in DNA molecules, we can say that ________.

the phosphate of one nucleotide is bonded to the sugar of the next nucleotide via covalent bonds, and the nitrogenous bases are held together by hydrogen bonds

Which of the following is not a correct description of a stage of mitosis? A) Which of the following is not a correct description of a stage of mitosis? B) The nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear during telophase. C) In anaphase, the chromosomes begin to separate. D) In prophase, the DNA replicates and the cell prepares for division.

In prophase, the DNA replicates and the cell prepares for division

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) The genetic code consists of three nitrogenous bases and is sometimes referred to as the "triplet code." B) The genetic code is read in a linear fashion. C) The genetic code is written with the nitrogenous bases found in the mRNA. D) The "words" of the genetic code often overlap. In other words, the end of one "word" often forms the beginning of the next "word."

The "words" of the genetic code often overlap. In other words, the end of one "word" often forms the beginning of the next "word."

When considering DNA replication, which of the following statements is NOT true? A) The strands of the double helix separate so that two templates are formed. B) The resulting new strands of DNA are identical. C) The components of the new nucleotides are assembled as the new strand of DNA is being generated. D) The purpose of DNA replication is to provide each daughter cell with a complete set of DNA when the cell divides.

The components of the new nucleotides are assembled as the new strand of DNA is being generated.

Which of the following events in transcription occurs last? A) The DNA double helix is rewound at the back end. B) The mRNA is released from RNA polymerase. C) RNA nucleotides bond with their complementary nucleotides on a DNA strand. D) RNA polymerase separates the DNA double helix.

The mRNA is released from RNA polymerase.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the stop codon? A) The stop codon signals the end of translation. B) The stop codon does not bind to an anticodon, so no additional amino acids can be added to the protein chain. C) The stop codon binds to a special tRNA, and this signals the end of the production of this protein. D) With the stop codon, the finished protein is released.

The stop codon binds to a special tRNA, and this signals the end of the production of this protein.

When the tRNA releases its amino acid, what happens?

The tRNA is released and exits the ribosome.