chapter 17 Pelvic, Hip, and Thigh Conditions

Weakness of the gluteus medius is determined by A) Trendelenburg test B) squish test C) Thomas test D) resistive hip flexion

A) Trendelenburg test

True or False? A positive Trendelenburg test indicates weakness or instability of the hip abductor muscles. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? A possible sign of a groin strain is pain with passive stretching in hip extension and hip abduction. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? An individual who complains of a dull ache in the mid-buttock region, pain that worsens at night, and weakness or numbness down the back of the leg may have a piriformis syndrome. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? During the Thomas test, if the straight right leg rises off the table while the leg thigh is brought to the chest, it indicates the presence of flexion contractures in the right iliopsoas muscle. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? If an adolescent boy is unable to perform internal rotation at the hip or stand on one leg without severe pain, a slipped capital femoral epiphysis should be suspected. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? If the hip is in a flexed and internally rotated fixed position, a posterior, superior dislocation should be suspected. A) True B) False

A) True

Acute inflammation of a vein is called A) arteriosclerosis B) phlebothrombosis C) thrombophlebitis D) venous cavitation

C) thrombophlebitis

Lack of circulation in the hamstrings would indicate an injury to the A) peroneal artery NOT A B) tibial artery NOT B C) axillary artery D) femoral artery

C,D

A transient inflammatory condition characterized by a painful hip joint accompanied with an antalgic gait and limp, and occurs mainly in children, is called A) toxic synovitis B) Larsen-Johansson disease C) Legg-Calve Perthes disease D) osteitis pubis

A) toxic synovitis

Injury to the piriformis often mimics A) adductor strain B) iliotibial band syndrome C) spinal stenosis D) hamstring tendinitis NOT D

A,B,C

The myotome for knee extension is L4. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The weakest portion of the femur is the distal supracondylar ridge, because it is smaller in diameter than the rest of the bone and internally weak because it is primarily composed of cancellous bone. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Weakness and pain in resisted knee flexion with the femur internally rotated indicates a strain of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus. A) True B) False

B) False

In posterior, superior hip dislocations, which structure may be damaged? A) femoral nerve B) sciatic nerve C) greater saphenous D) obturator nerve NOT D

A) femoral nerve

An avulsion fracture at the anterior superior iliac spine may involve which muscle? A) pectineus B) rectus femoris NOT B C) sartorius D) vastus intermedius ???????

A,C,D

True or False? Abnormal ossification involving bone deposition within muscle tissue is called an exostosis. A) True B) False

B) False

Avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis is called A) Larsen-Johansson disease B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease C) Osgood-Schlatter disease D) Osteochondritis dissecans NOT D

B) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

A positive Faber (Patrick) test result may indicate each of the following EXCEPT A) hip joint contracture NOT A B) iliopsoas spasm C) iliotibial band syndrome D) tight piriformis muscle NOT D

B,C

Which of the following limits hip hyperextension? A) acetabulum NOT A B) ischiofemoral ligament C) iliofemoral ligament D) gluteus maximus NOT D

B,C

The zona orbicularis attaches to the femoral neck in a circular fashion and contributes to A) hip flexibility NOT A B) hip stability C) internal thigh rotation D) external thigh rotation

B,C,A

Each of the following is a frequent complaint with a stress fracture to the pubis or femoral neck EXCEPT A) inguinal pain NOT A B) pain while using the flutter kick C) dull pain D) night pain

B,C,D

It is not unusual to have severe bleeding after a femoral fracture lead to A) anaphylactic shock NOT A B) hypovolemic shock C) metabolic shock D) septic shock

B,C,D

The sacroiliac joints are A) synovial joints NOT A B) syndesmosis joints C) synovial and syndesmosis joints D) sliding joints

B,C,D

Overdevelopment of which muscle(s) can lead to anterior pelvic tilt? A) hamstrings NOT A B) iliopsoas C) pectineus NOT C D) rectus femoris

B,D

True or False? The Kendall test is used to assess iliotibial band tightness. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The normal range of motion for lateral rotation of the hip is 30 to 40 degrees. A) True B) False

B) False

Runners who cross the feet over their midline during running increase the Q-angle and can develop A) gluteus medius strain B) iliopsoas bursitis C) pes anserine bursitis NOT C D) trochanteric bursitis

A,B,D

True or False? The quadriceps muscles are the most frequently strained in the body. A) True B) False

B) False

After sustaining an injury to the hip, an athlete has weakness in knee extension. Which of the following might structure may be involved? A) sciatic nerve NOT A B) femoral nerve C) tibial nerve D) obturator nerve

B) femoral nerve

Which of the following is used to determine the severity of a hamstring strain? A) passive knee flexion NOT A B) active and resistive knee flexion C) active and resistive knee extension D) resistive hip flexion

B,C,A

A condition that may occur after a contusion to the quadriceps muscle group involving abnormal ossification of bone deposition within the muscle tissue is called A) exostosis NOT A B) myositis ossificans C) myochondritis exostosis D) osteochondritis

B,C,D

Each of the following is a frequent complaint with a stress fracture to the pubis or femoral neck EXCEPT A) inguinal pain NOT A B) night pain C) pain on hip rotation D) pain while using the flutter kick when swimming

B,C,D

The rectus femoris is often injured during A) explosive knee flexion and hip extension movements NOT A B) explosive knee extension and hip flexion movements C) explosive hip flexion D) explosive hip abduction movements

B,C,D

Which of the following would NOT be associated with deep trochanteric bursitis? A) gluteus maximus NOT A B) gluteus medius C) iliotibial band D) tensor fascia latae

B,C,D

Tenderness upon palpation of the ischial tuberosity may indicate each but of the following EXCEPT: A) hamstring tendonitis NOT A B) sciatica C) ischial bursitis D) avulsion fracture?

D) avulsion fracture?

In a posterior, superior hip dislocation, which major nerve may be damaged? A) femoral B) greater saphenous C) obturator NOT C D) sciatic

D) sciatic

The tibial nerve innervates all of the hamstrings EXCEPT the A) long head of the biceps femoris NOT A B) semimembranosus C) semitendinosus D) short head of the biceps femoris

D) short head of the biceps femoris

True or False? Lateral rotator stretch in a seated position can be used to stretch the piriformis muscle. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is an avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Runners who cross the feet over their midline as they run can functionally increase the Q-angle and develop trochanteric bursitis. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? The Faber test is used to indicate possible sacroiliac joint pathology. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? The hamstrings are important dynamic stabilizers of the knee, and therefore strengthening exercises for this muscle group should be a major component of any hip or knee rehabilitation program. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? The hip adductors also contribute to flexion and internal rotation at the hip. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? True leg length is determined by measuring the distance from the distal edge of the ASIS to the distal aspect of the medial malleolus. A) True B) False

A) True

In hip dislocation, when the head of the femur displaces in a posterior superior direction, the leg typically rests in what position? A) extended and externally rotated NOT A B) extended and internally rotated NOT B C) flexed and externally rotated D) flexed and internally rotated

C,D

The iliofemoral ligament prevents excessive A) abduction B) adduction C) hip flexion D) hip extension

D) hip extension

Each of the following can be performed to prevent formation of myositis ossificans EXCEPT A) PNF stretching during the acute phase B) protective padding prior to sports reentry C) cryotherapy D) thermotherapy during the subacute phase Save

A) PNF stretching during the acute phase

True or False? In an adductor strain, the athlete may report that running straight ahead and backwards does not cause pain. A) True B) False

A) True

True or False? Increased pain with gentle compression along the long axis of the femur indicates a possible fracture of the acetabulum. A) True B) False

A) True

A contusion caused by direct compression to an unprotected iliac crest is referred to as A) a hip pointer B) an iliac hematoma C) an iliac tenosynovitis D) myositis ossificans Save

A) a hip pointer

Muscle atrophy of the _______ during chronic hamstring strains can lead to anterolateral knee instability. A) biceps femoris B) semimembranosus C) semitendinosus D) rectus femoris

A) biceps femoris

Avascular necrosis of the hip usually occurs at the A) head of the femur B) greater trochanter C) acetabulum D) ASIS Save

A) head of the femur

An excessive Q-angle predisposes an individual to A) patella injuries B) iliofemoral ligament sprain C) sacroiliac joint dysfunction D) iliopsoas bursitis

A) patella injuries

A difference in bilateral height in the ASIS usually indicates A) a leg length discrepancy B) degenerative disk disease C) a tight piriformis muscle D) muscle spasms of the iliopsoas NOT D

A,B,C

A decreased angle between the femoral condyle and the femoral head is called: A) coxa valga B) coxa vara NOT B C) retroversion D) anteversion

A,C,D

In a femoral shaft fracture, the thigh appears A) shortened and externally rotated B) shortened and internally rotated NOT B C) to be the same length, but externally rotated D) to be the same length, but internally rotated

A,C,D

True or False? A young boy with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease can return to sports participation after 8 to 12 weeks of rest. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? An individual with a mild quadriceps contusion will walk with a limp but will have only mild pain and swelling. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? During the straight leg raising test, if both legs are raised simultaneously and pain occurs prior to 70 degrees of flexion, it indicates bilaterally tight hamstrings. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? Hyperlordosis can lead to posterior pelvic tilt. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? If pain is felt directly over the anterior superior iliac spine, an avulsion fracture of the rectus femoris should be suspected. A) True B) False

B) False

True or False? The femur angles laterally downward from the hip during the support phase of walking and running, enabling single-leg support beneath the body's center of gravity. A) True B) False

B) False

An individual who complains of sharp groin pain and weakness when running sideways, but not straight ahead, may have a strain to the A) abductor muscles NOT A B) adductor muscles C) iliopsoas complex D) rectus femoris

B) adductor muscles

The _____ bursa provides a cushion between the greater trochanter of the femur and the gluteus maximus. A) iliopsoas B) deep trochanteric C) gluteofemoral D) ischial

B) deep trochanteric

The weakest component of the femur is the A) femoral head B) femoral neck C) femoral shaft D) supracondylar ridge

B) femoral neck

An athlete sustained a hyperextension force to the iliofemoral joint. Evaluation reveals pain and decreased motion upon passive hip extension. Which of the following structures is most likely to be injured? A) greater trochanteric bursa NOT A B) gluteus maximus C) ischiofemoral ligament NOT C D) ligament of Bigelow

B) gluteus maximus

The two innominate bones of the hip are the A) sacrum and coccyx B) pelvis and coccyx C) sacrum and ischium D) ilium and pelvis

B) pelvis and coccyx

An athlete experienced an acute muscular injury to the soft tissue of the anterior hip. Upon manual muscle testing, you find weakness with hip flexion and knee extension. Based on those findings, which of the following is most likely? A) biceps femoris strain NOT A B) rectus femoris strain C) gluteus medius strain D) iliopsoas strain

B) rectus femoris strain

A blood clot that travels through the circulatory system to lodge in a blood vessel in the lungs is called A) arteriosclerosis NOT A B) arterioplasty C) pulmonary arteritis NOT C D) pulmonary embolism

B,D

A strain to what muscle(s) would cause palpable pain in the mid-buttock region that worsens at night and may produce weakness or numbness extending down the back of the leg? A) adductor magnus NOT A B) biceps femoris C) piriformis NOT C D) semimembranosus

B,D

An individual appears to have lateral curvature of the spine. Which of the following could be used to confirm this suspicion? A) scan examination B) active extension test C) Adam's test D) active lateral bending test Save

C) Adam's test