Chapter 17 Quiz

Endocrine glands

All of the choices are correct.

Each of the body's blood-borne hormones comes from the major endocrine glands, namely, the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal glands.

False

Which hormones are collectively called the gonadotropins?

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?

Insulin

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

Lipid-soluble hormone

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?

Ovaries and testes

Which is not a tropic hormone?

Prolactin

Which region of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids?

Zona fasciculata

In which order would blood flow through these structures as it travels from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? a: Primary plexus b: Secondary plexus c: Hypophyseal portal veins

a - c - b

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by

adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Glucagon and insulin work _________ on blood glucose levels.

antagonistically

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

anterior

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from

cholesterol.

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by

humoral stimulation.

Within the infundibulum, the axons from neurons extending into the posterior pituitary are known as the

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the

hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the

hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the posterior pituitary gland

The part of the brain that functions as a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus.

Thyroid hormone's effects are to

increase metabolic rate and body temperature by increasing protein synthesis in target cells.

The pituitary gland is located _________ to the hypothalamus and is connected by the ________.

inferior, infundibulum

Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system has

more widespread and long-lasting effects.

Which hormone group is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?

no exceptions; all choices are secreted by the adrenal cortex

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

The parathyroid glands are located

posterior to the thyroid gland

When the effects of one hormone reinforce the activity of another hormone on the same target cell, the interaction is said to be

synergistic.

When the effects of water-soluble hormones on their target cells are considered, the hormone itself is

the first messenger.

Reduced hormone concentration in the blood often causes target cells to

up-regulate receptors in order to increase cell sensitivity.

Protein hormones are

water-soluble