Chapter 17: The Cardiovascular System

A patient has a heart rate of 70 beats per minute, an EDV of 110 ml, and an ESV of 70 ml. What is the patient's cardiac output?

2.8 L/minute

which hormone decreases cardiac output by decreasing blood volume and preload?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Certain drugs used to treat dysrhythmias, called local anesthetics, work by blocking voltage gated sodium ion channels and slowing the entry of sodium ions into the cell during an action potential. What effects would you see?

Decrease depolarization of the cell

What largely determines preload?

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

Heart tissue dies during a myocardial infarction (MI), and a person's survival and recovery depend on the extent of cell death and the chamber(s) involved. In which chamber would the loss of function be most damaging to survival?

Left ventricle. The left ventricle loss of function would be the most damaging becuase it provides enough pressure of blood to send to the rest of the body.

The pulmonary circuit involves blood flow from the heart to the:

Lungs

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary vein

What two values are needed in order to calculate cardiac output for a ventricle?

Stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR)

The vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body are part of the ____________.

Systemic circuit

which of the following happens immediately after the P wave?

The atria contract

During what phase does blood flow from the ventricles into the pulmonary truck and aorta?

Ventricular ejection phase

The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the:

atria

What surface groove separates the right and left ventricles?

interventricular sulcus

Unlike skeletal muscle action potentials, cardiac muscle action potentials __________.

involve calcium voltage-gated channels

The aortic valve closes when __________.

pressure in the left ventricle falls below aortic pressure

Afterload is described asL

the force the ventricles must overcome to eject blood into their respective arteries

Blood from the systemic circuit returns to the heart via the ________________.

venae cavae