Chapter 17: The Endocrine System

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? a.) 0 b.) 1 c.) 2 d.) 6

A. 0

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a.) Chromaffin cells b.) Neuroglial cells c.) Follicle cells d.) Oxyphil cells

A. Chromaffin cells

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ____. a.) Development of T cells b.) Preparation of the body for childbirth c.) Regulation of appetite d.) Release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

A. Development of T cells

A morbidly obese man has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following hormones is not being utilized effectivity? a.) insulin b.) calcitriol c.) glucagon d.) pancreatic polypeptide

A. Insulin

The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? a.) Oral ectoderm b.) Neural ectoderm c.) Mesoderm d.) Endoderm

A. Oral ectoderm

A 22-year-old female is given the results of her blood test and she notices that her calcium levels are high. Which of the following hormones is most likely to be elevated? a.) parathyroid hormone b.) calcitonin c.) thyroid-stimulating hormone d.) prolactin

A. Parathyroid hormone

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ____. a.) Prepare the breasts for lactation b.) Nourish the placenta c.) Regulate the menstrual cycle d.) All of the above

A. Prepare the breasts for lactation

In this experiment, optical density is measured using a ______. a.) spectrophotometer b.) caliper c.) thermocycler d.) microscope

A. Spectrophotometer

High levels of cortisol would normally provide negative feedback to the ____. a.) the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus b.) anterior pituitary c.) the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus d.) hypothalamus

A. The anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

Which rat(s) was euthyroid without any injections? a.) the normal rat b.) the hypophysectomized rat c.) the thyroidectomized rat d.) the normal rat and the hypophysectomized rat

A. The normal rat

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by _____. a.) Abnormally low levels of cortisol b.) Abnormally high levels of cortisol c.) Abnormally low levels of aldosterone d.) Abnormally high levels of aldosterone

B. Abnormally high levels of cortisol

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? a.) The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor b.) Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated c.) Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced d.) The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated

B. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? a.) Adrenocorticotropic hormone b.) Antidiuretic hormone c.) Luteinizing hormone d.) All of the above

B. Antidiuretic hormone

The walls of the atria produce which hormone? a.) Cholecystokinin b.) Atrial natriuretic peptide c.) Renin d.) Calcitriol

B. Atrial natriuretic peptide

The production of what hormone is influenced by parathyroid hormone? a.) triiodothyronine b.) calcitriol c.) thyroxine d.) luteinizing hormone

B. Calcitriol

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ____. a.) Increased tolerance for cold b.) Decreased basal metabolic rate c.) Decreased body fat d.) Osteoporosis

B. Decreased basal metabolic rate

The production of melatonin is inhibited by ___. a.) Declining levels of light b.) Exposure to bright light c.) The secretion of serotonin d.) The activity of pinacocytes

B. Exposure to bright light

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? a.) Increased bone deposition b.) Fractures c.) Convulsions d.) All of the above

B. Fractures

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? a.) Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane b.) Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane c.) Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. d.) Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream

B. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane

Which of the following hormones will trigger ovulation in females? a.) oxytocin b.) luteinizing hormone c.) thyroid-stimulating hormone d.) growth hormone

B. Luteinizing hormone

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ____. a.) Blood vessels b.) Nerve axons c.) Cartilage d.) Bone

B. Nerve axons

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called _______. a.) Autocrine b.) Paracrine c.) Endocrine d.) Neuron

B. Paracrine

What hormone is produced by chief cells? a.) calcitriol b.) parathyroid hormone c.) growth hormone d.) calcitonin

B. Parathyroid hormone

What cells secrete melatonin? a.) Melanocytes b.) Pinacocytes c.) Suprachiasmatic nucleus cells d.) Retinal cells

B. Pinacocytes

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by _____. a.) TSH from the hypothalamus b.) TSH from the anterior pituitary c.) Thyroxine from the anterior pituitary d.) Thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells

B. TSH from the anterior pituitary

Why did the TSH have NO effect on the BMR of the thyroidectomized rat? a.) the metabolism of the rat is already too high b.) the rat is missing its thyroid gland c.) the rat is missing its pituitary gland d.) the metabolism of the rat is already too low

B. The rat is missing its thyroid gland

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ____. a.) Melatonin b.) Thyroid hormone c.) Growth hormone d.) Insulin

B. Thyroid hormone

Iodine ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via _____. a.) Simple diffusion b.) Facilitated diffusion c.) Active transport d.) Osmosis

C. Active transport

Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their____. a.) Blood calcium levels b.) Secretion of growth hormone c.) Blood oxygen levels d.) Muscle mass

C. Blood oxygen levels

Which of the following showed the greatest improvement in vertebral bone density for the rats? a.) calcitonin b.) FSH c.) estrogen d.) saline

C. Estrogen

Replacement therapies for which two hormones were tested in this experiment? a.) saline and estrogen b.) FSH and calcitonin c.) estrogen and calcitonin d.) FSH and estrogen

C. Estrogen and calcitonin

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? a.) Thyroid b.) Liver c.) Kidneys d.) Hypothalamus

C. Kidneys

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupal dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive? a.) Humoral b.) Hormonal c.) Neural d.) Positive feedback

C. Neural

Endocrine glands ____. a.) Secrete hormones that travel though a duct to the target organs b.) Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft c.) Secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream d.) Include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

C. Secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

The gonads produce what class of hormones? a.) Amine hormones b.) Peptide hormones c.) Steroid hormones d.) Catecholamines

C. Steroid hormones

An abnormally high level of which of the following will result in goiter? a.) TRH b.) thyroxine c.) TSH d.) either TRH or TSH

C. TSH

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? a.) ADH b.) Oxytocin c.) TSH d.) Cortisol

C. TSH

The development of a goiter indicates that ____. a.) The anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged b.) There is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells c.) There is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles d.) The anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone

C. There is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? a.) It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx b.) The parathyroid glands are embedded within it c.) It manufactures three hormones d.) All of the above

D. All of the above

Which type of pancreatic cell produces somatostatin? a.) alpha cells b.) beta cells c.) f cells d.) delta cells

D. Delta cells

Using this assay, glucose concentration _____. a.) directly proportional to the volume of blood sampled b.) inversely proportional to optical density c.) inversely proportional to the volume of blood sampled d.) directly proportional to optical density

D. Directly proportional to optical density

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? a.) Somatostatin b.) Pancreatic polypeptide c.) Insulin d.) Glucagon

D. Glucagon

The end result of the RAAS is to _____. a.) Reduce blood volume b.) Increase blood glucose c.) Reduce blood pressure d.) Increase blood pressure

D. Increase blood pressure

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? a.) Estrogens b.) Progesterone c.) Relaxin d.) Inhibin

D. Inhibin

A young child was brought to the hospital with multiple bone breaks. It is determined that the child's osteoclasts are overactive. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated? a.) natriuretic peptide b.) calcitonin c.) thyroxine d.) parathyroid hormone

D. Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response? a.) Pupil dilation b.) Increased oxygen supply to the lungs c.) Suppressed digestion d.) Reduced mental activity

D. Reduced mental activity

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ____. a.) Urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys b.) A reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines c.) The activity of osteoblasts d.) The activity of osteoclasts

D. The activity of osteoclasts