Chapter 17: The uterus and vagina

7. What is the normal cervix:uterus ratio in a prepubertal female? A. 2:1 B. 1:1 C. 1:2 D. 1:3

A. 2:1

16. A patient presents with an enlarged bulky uterus and menorrhagia. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause? A. Subserosal fibroid B. Submucosal leiomyoma C. Adenomyosis D. Bicornuate uterus

B. Submucosal leiomyoma

17. Which of the following is a false statement with respect to differentiating the appearance of a leiomyosarcoma from that of a leiomyoma? A. They may be single or multiple. B. Serial ultrasounds over six months will demonstrate a large size difference in a leiomyosarcoma whereas a leiomyoma will likely be unchanged in size. C. Both can demonstrate a heterogeneous hypoechoic appearance with shadowing. D. Only leiomyosarcoma will be singular.

D. Only leiomyosarcoma will be singular.

3. What part of the uterus enveloped by the vagina? A. External os of cervix B. Internal os of cervix C. Isthmus D. Coccygeus and piriformis

A. External os of cervix

6. The endometrial cavity is contiguous with which other part of the female pelvis? A. Myometrium B. Fallopian tube lumen C. Vagina D. Ovary

B. Fallopian tube lumen

19. A sonogram demonstrates a simple cystic mass altering the contour of the vagina and bladder. What does this most likely represent? A. Gartner duct cyst B. Nabothian cyst C. Vaginal leiomyoma D. Vaginal ganglion

A. Gartner duct cyst

14. A patient presents with amenorrhea, cyclic abdominal pain, and an enlarged uterus. Sonography demonstrates hydrometrocolpos. What is the most likely cause? A. Imperforate hymen B. Vaginal atresia C. Unicornuate uterus D. Septate uterus

A. Imperforate hymen

5. What layer of the endometrium is shed every month during menstruation? A. Perimetrium B. Basal layer C. Functional layer D. Submucosal layer

C. Functional layer

1. Which other organ(s) should be interrogated if uterine anomalies are demonstrated? A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Spleen D. Bladder

A. Kidneys

9. What does the term dextroverted uterus describe? A. A uterus that tilts to the left. B. A uterus that tilts to the right. C. A uterus that tilts anteriorly. D. A uterus that tilts posteriorly.

B. A uterus that tilts to the right.

2. What are the four major divisions of the uterus? A. Fundus, corpus, cervix, and vagina B. Fundus, corpus, isthmus, and cervix C. Fundus, body, corpus, and vagina D. Fundus, corpus, fallopian tubes, and cervix

B. Fundus, corpus, isthmus, and cervix

18. How can the sonographer distinguish a nabothian cyst from a cervical carcinoma? A. A cervical carcinoma will demonstrate a solid mass whereas a nabothian cyst will have all the characteristics of a simple cyst. B. Nabothian cysts never have internal echoes; however, a cervical carcinoma will always demonstrate internal echoes. C. Shadowing will always be demonstrated from a cervical carcinoma. D. A cervical carcinoma will always be wider than tall.

A. A cervical carcinoma will demonstrate a solid mass whereas a nabothian cyst will have all the characteristics of a simple cyst.

15. What is the cause of adenomyosis? A. Functional layer endometrial tissue invades the myometrium B. Basal layer endometrial tissue invades the myometrium C. Tiny areas of leiomyoma tissue form in the myometrium D. Development of arteriovenous malformations in the myometrium

B. Basal layer endometrial tissue invades the myometrium

10. Which of the following best describes a uterus that has two separate endometrial canals but a single cervix? A. Septate uterus B. Bicornuate uterus C. Uterus didelphys D. Subseptate uterus

B. Bicornuate uterus

8. Which of the following terms describes a straight uterus that tilts forward in the body forming a 90° angle with the vagina? A. Retroverted B. Retroflexed C. Anteverted D. Anteflexed

C. Anteverted

12. Which of the following noninvasive procedures has a 90% accuracy rate for detecting uterine malformations? A. Saline infusion sonohysterography B. Sonohysterography C. Hysterosalpingography D. 3D sonography

D. 3D sonography

4. What is the term used to describe the inner layer of the uterine wall? A. Serosal layer B. Perimetrium C. Myometrium D. Endometrium

D. Endometrium

13. On sonographic examination, two cervical canals are identified with separate right and left uterine horns. Which uterine malformation is demonstrated? A. Bicornuate uterus B. Septateuterus C. Subseptateuterus D. Uterus didelphys

D. Uterus didelphys

20. What does precocious puberty describe? A. Onset of puberty prior to age 8 B. Delayed puberty later than age 12 C. Isolated breast development prior to age 5 D. Development of pubic hair after development of breast tissue

A. Onset of puberty prior to age 8

11. What is the most common Müllerian duct abnormality? A. Septate uterus B. Bicornisbicollis C. Uterus didelphys D. Unicornuate uterus

A. Septate uterus