Chapter 17
How many calories are needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C? To melt 1 g of ice at 0°C? To vaporize 1 g of boiling water at 100°C?
1 calorie, 80 calories, 540 calories
What happens to the hexagonal open structure of ice when sufficient pressure is applied to it?
The crystals are crushed to form the liquid phase.
What cooks food faster in a pressure cooker?
The higher temperature of boiling water under pressure cooks the food faster.
regelation
The process of melting under pressure and the subsequent refreezing when the pressure is removed.
A geyser such as Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park is similar to a
coffee percolator.
Double-pane windows contain nitrogen rather than air to prevent
condensation
When you blow over hot soup to cool it you are helping
conduction, convection, and radiation.
to melt ice, add
energy
Wrapping a hot potato in aluminum foil significantly reduces the rate at which it cools by
evaporation
Water can be turned to ice by
extracting energy. and lowering the surrounding air pressure.
When heat is added to boiling water, its temperature
remains unchanged
Firefighters find that the temperature of burning material is best lowered when water is
sprayed as a fine mist
When slow-moving water molecules collide they tend to
stick
The most responsible factor for whether a substance takes the phase of solid, liquid, gas, or plasma is its
temperature
Which involves a larger number of calories? - the condensation of 1 gram of steam at 100°C to water at 100°C - the cooling of 1 gram of water at 100 degrees Celsius to 1 gram of ice at absolute zero
the condensation of 1 gram of steam at 100°C to water at 100°C
What is condensation? Is condensation a warming or cooling process?
Condensation is when a gas becomes a liquid. It is a warming process.
In a heat pump, warming is accomplished when
Condensation occurs in its coils
Distinguish between evaporation and boiling.
Evaporation happens at a liquid surface, whereas boiling occurs in the bulk of the liquid.
How does the pressure exerted by bubbles in the water compare with the atmospheric pressure when the temperature of water in an open pressure cooker is below 100∘ C and when it equals 100∘ C?
How does the pressure exerted by bubbles in the water compare with the atmospheric pressure when the temperature of water in an open pressure cooker is below 100∘ C and when it equals 100∘ C?
How does using a pressure cooker affect the amount of internal energy in the water inside the pressure cooker, and why?
It increases the amount of internal energy because it does not allow the heat to boil the water.
What happens to water at room temperature if you decrease the atmospheric pressure around it?
It will first boil and then freeze.
Why does warm, moist air form clouds when it rises?
Rising air expands and cools. Water drops condense when moist air cools.
What is sublimation? Is it a heating or cooling process?
Sublimation is when the fastest molecules at the surface of a solid have escape velocity and leave to become a gas. It leaves behind the slower, cooler molecules.
The main difference between a fog and a cloud is
altitude
The toy drinking bird nicely illustrates
both evaporation and condensation
Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam
has more energy per gram than boiling water. and releases additional energy when it condenses.
Food in a pressure cooker is cooked faster due to
higher temperature
Dean teaches that the phenomenon of regelation is due to the
open-structured nature of ice crystals.
An inventor discovers a harmless and tasteless salt, which when added to water changes its boiling point. The market value for this salt will be better if the salt
raises the boiling point of water.
When fast-moving water molecules collide they tend to
rebound w/o sticking
What do you use a pressure cooker for?
to prevent boiling and cooling
On a muggy day, water molecules in the air that strike our bodies
transfer some of their kinetic energy to us.