Chapter 17,18,19
A seed is composed of a(n) ______ and ______. a. ovule; embryo b. ovule; megasporangium c. ovule; integuments d. megasporangium; embryo e. megasporangium; integuments
a
After fertilization, the integuments develop into the: a. seed coat. b. ovule. c. nucellus. d. micropyle
a
In contrast to a eusporangium, a leptosporangium: a. arises from a single initial cell. b. produces more spores. c. has a tapetum that is one cell layer thick. d. is larger. e. arises from one or more surface cells.
a
In pines, the immature male gametophyte consists of: a. two prothallial cells, one generative cell, and one tube cell. b. one prothallial cell, two generative cells, and one tube cell. c. one prothallial cell, one generative cell, and two tube cells. d. two prothallial cells, two generative cells, and one tube cell. e. one prothallial cell, one generative cell, and one tube cell.
a
The gynoecium consists of all the ______ of a flower. a. carpels b. ovules c. ovaries d. placentae e. stigmas
a
The mature female gametophyte is called a(n): a. embryo sac. b. nucellus. c. megasporangium. d. endosperm. e. ovule.
a
What do ALL steles have in common? a. primary xylem and primary phloem b. a pith c. leaf gaps d. dermal tissue e. vascular and cork cambia
a
Which of the following statements about pine seeds is FALSE? a. They are often shed from the cones during the first year following pollination. b. They are often dispersed by the wind. c. Some are dispersed only after the cones are scorched by fire. d. Some are dispersed by birds. e. Some are winged.
a
______ produce nonmotile sperm. a. Conifers and gnetophytes b. Conifers and cycads c. Cycads and Ginkgo d. Cycads and gnetophytes e. Ginkgo and gnetophytes
a
In a conifer seed, the three different generations are represented by the: a. integument, nucellus, and egg. b. seed coat, embryo, and food supply. c. seed coat, archegonium, and food supply. d. integument, ovule, and embryo. e. integument, megasporangium, and archegonium
b
In embryo sac development, the egg apparatus contains the egg cell and the: a. polar nuclei. b. synergids. c. chalaza. d. central cell. e. antipodals.
b
In the club moss life cycle: a. the gametophytes are unisexual. b. a gametophyte may produce a series of sporophytes. c. water is not required for fertilization. d. microphylls, but not strobili, are formed. e. the sporophyte does not usually become independent of the gametophyte.
b
In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the ______, and the other sperm fuses with the ______. a. egg; synergids b. egg; polar nuclei c. egg; antipodals d. synergid; polar nuclei e. synergid; antipodals
b
In the process of pollination, the: a. anther dehisces, shedding its contents. b. pollen passes from the anther to a stigma. c. pollen tube grows through the style. d. pollen tube enters the embryo sac. e. sperm fertilizes an egg.
b
The daughter cells produced by a microsporocyte are: a. microspore mother cells. b. microspores. c. pollen grains. d. prothallial cells. e. generative cells.
b
Tracheids differ from vessel elements in that tracheids: a. have lignified thickenings. b. are less-specialized cells. c. are a type of tracheary element. d. conduct water and minerals. e. provide support.
b
Which of the following is NOT a gymnosperm phylum? a. Gnetophyta b. Anthophyta c. Cycadophyta d. Ginkgophyta e. Coniferophyta
b
Which of the following statements about conifers is FALSE? a. They belong to the phylum Coniferophyta. b. Their leaves have humidity-resistant features. c. They are the most ecologically important gymnosperms. d. They include the pines, firs, and spruces. e. The tallest vascular plant is a conifer.
b
Which of the following statements about phylum Anthophyta is FALSE? a. It is the largest phylum of photosynthetic organisms. b. The two major classes are the monocots and dicots. c. Its members vary in size from 1 millimeter long to 100 meters tall. d. Some members are parasitic. e. Some members are myco-heterotrophic.
b
Which of the following statements about reproduction in vascular plants is FALSE? a. The eggs are nonmotile. b. The gametophyte is structurally more complex than the sporophyte. c. All vascular plants are oogamous. d. There is an alternation of heteromorphic generations. e. The sporophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle.
b
Which of the following was NOT a step in the evolution of the ovule? a. Retention of the megaspores in the megasporangium b. Production of only four megaspore mother cells per megasporangium c. Formation of a highly reduced endosporic megagametophyte d. Production of only one functional megaspore per megasporangium e. Development of the embryo within the megagametophyte
b
All bilaterally symmetrical flowers are: a. hypogynous. b. regular. c. irregular. d. superior. e. inferior.
c
In angiosperms, the ovary develops into a(n): a. ovule. b. seed. c. fruit. d. carpel. e. perianth.
c
In ferns, antheridiogens induce antheridia in _______ gametophytes. a. all b. larger, less mature c. smaller, less mature d. larger, more mature e. smaller, more mature
c
In gymnosperms, pollination occurs usually by: a. insects. b. water. c. wind. d. birds. e. mammals.
c
In the pine life cycle, meiosis occurs in: a. archegonia. b. microspores. c. microsporocytes. d. pollen grains. e. sporophylls
c
Just before fertilization, a gymnosperm ovule contains: a. an embryo. b. antheridia. c. archegonia. d. megaspores. e. a seed coat.
c
Microphylls differ from megaphylls in that microphylls: a. occur in most vascular plants. b. are associated with leaf gaps. c. are associated with protosteles. d. have branched veins. e. evolved from branch systems.
c
Microsporocytes divide by ______, forming ______. a. mitosis; haploid microsporocytes b. mitosis; diploid microsporocytes c. meiosis; haploid microspores d. mitosis; diploid microspores e. meiosis; haploid megaspores
c
Seed plants evolved most directly from: a. lycophytes. b. ferns. c. progymnosperms. d. angiosperms. e. trimerophytes.
c
Sporopollenin is the primary constituent of the: a. integument. b. nucellar wall. c. exine. d. intine. e. tapetum.
c
The function of the endosperm is to provide ______ for the embryo. a. support b. oxygen c. food d. water e. protection
c
The portion of a carpel that encloses the ovules is the: a. style. b. stigma. c. ovary. d. placenta. e. funiculus.
c
The progymnosperms had characteristics intermediate between those of the ______ and those of the ______. a. Paleozoic ferns; gymnosperms b. Paleozoic ferns; angiosperms c. seedless vascular trimerophytes; seed plants d. seedless vascular trimerophytes; modern ferns e. seedless vascular trimerophytes; rhyniophytes
c
Which of the following is NOT one of the major lineages of the Monilophyta? a. Equisetopsida b. Marattiopsida c. Zosterophyllopsida d. Polypodiopsida e. Psilotopsida
c
Which of the following statements about cycads is FALSE? a. They resemble palms. b. They exhibit secondary growth. c. They produce nonflagellated sperm. d. They are pollinated by insects. e. They harbor cyanobacteria
c
Which of the following statements about primary growth is FALSE? a. It occurs close to the tips of stems and roots. b. It is initiated by the apical meristems. c. It primarily leads to thickening of the plant body. d. It gives rise to primary tissues. e. It gives rise to the primary plant body.
c
A micropyle is a(n): a. nutritive structure of the embryo. b. nutritive structure of the pollen grain. c. opening in the megaspore wall. d. opening in an integument. e. opening in the megasporangium wall.
d
A monoecious species has: a. flowers with all floral whorls. b. floral parts united with other members of the same whorl. c. floral parts united with members of other whorls. d. staminate and carpellate flowers on the same plant. e. staminate and carpellate flowers on different plants.
d
In angiosperms, the mature female gametophyte consists of _____ cells. a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 e. 9
d
In seed plants, the ______ is called the nucellus. a. young sporophyte b. megagametophyte c. megaspore d. megasporangium e. embryo
d
In the center of the embryo sac are the: a. ovules. b. synergids. c. eggs. d. polar nuclei. e. antipodals.
d
In the evolution of vascular plants, there is a trend toward the: a. above-ground parts becoming structurally similar to the below-ground parts. b. progressive reduction of the sporophyte. c. sporophyte becoming nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. d. increased protection of the gametophyte by the sporophyte. e. production of seeds in all lineages.
d
The main tissue systems of the vascular plant are the ______ systems. a. root and shoot b. root, shoot, and reproductive c. root, stem, and leaf d. dermal, vascular, and ground e. xylem, phloem, and ground
d
The pedicel of a flower is: a. a leaflike structure that contains the ovules. b. the part of the flower stalk to which flower parts are attached. c. the stalk of a flower or an inflorescence. d. the stalk of a flower in an inflorescence. e. the stalk that attaches an ovule to the ovary.
d
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by bryophytes and vascular plants? a. multicellular embryos b. a charophycean-alga-like ancestor c. a monophyletic lineage d. dominant gametophytes e. an alternation of heteromorphic generations
d
Which of the following is NOT an evolutionary trend in the vascular plants? a. Nutritional dependency of the gametophyte on the sporophyte b. Reduction in size of the gametophyte c. Reduction in complexity of the gametophyte d. Increased prominence of antheridia and archegonia e. Decreased reliance on water for transferring sperm to egg
d
Which of the following questions concerning the progymnosperms is FALSE? a. They had a bifacial vascular cambium. b. Archaeopteris was a major type. c. Some contain a eustele. d. Most were heterosporous. e. Seed plants are thought to have evolved from plants similar to the progymnosperms.
d
Which of the following statements about gymnosperms is FALSE? a. Gymnosperm means "naked seed." b. Ovules and seeds are exposed on the surface of sporophylls. c. The female gametophyte produces several archegonia. d. The male gametophyte produces several antheridia. e. The male gametophyte is endosporic.
d
A flower that has only stamens and petals is: a. staminate and perfect. b. perfect and complete. c. perfect and incomplete. d. imperfect and complete. e. imperfect and incomplete
e
A perfect flower contains: a. petals only. b. stamens only. c. carpels only. d. petals and carpels. e. carpels and stamens
e
The cork cambium is a(n) ______ meristem that produces________. a. apical; ground tissue b. apical; cork c. lateral; phloem d. lateral; xylem e. lateral; periderm
e
The fertile parts of a flower are the: a. sepals and petals. b. sepals and stamens. c. petals and stamens. d. sepals and carpels. e. carpels and stamens.
e
The innermost layer of the pollen sac wall is the: a. sporogenous layer. b. sporopollenin layer. c. exine. d. intine. e. tapetum.
e
The style connects the _____ to the ______. a. anther; filament b. calyx; corolla c. androecium; gynoecium d. ovules; ovary e. ovary; stigma
e
Unlike gymnosperms, the stored food in angiosperms is: a. provided by the male gametophyte. b. provided by the female gametophyte. c. sporophyte. d. formed before fertilization. e. formed after fertilization.
e
Which of the following statements about a stamen is FALSE? a. It is a microsporophyll. b. It usually consists of an anther and a filament. c. It contains four microsporangia. d. It contains pollen sacs. e. It is part of the gynoecium.
e
Which of the following statements about pollen grains is FALSE? a. They vary considerably in size and shape. b. They differ in the number, arrangement, and shape of their apertures. c. They provide insights into past climates. d. They provide a means of identifying flowering plants. e. They are poorly represented in the fossil record.
e
With the evolution of the ovule, the unit of dispersal shifted from the megaspore to the: a. sperm. b. egg. c. microspore. d. megaspore mother cell. e. seed.
e
true or false A flower that has both stamens and carpels but lacks sepals is described as imperfect and incomplete.
false
true or false A micropyle is the opening in a microsporangium.
false
true or false A seed develops into an ovule.
false
true or false All the petals of a flower are collectively called the calyx.
false
true or false Angiosperms have archegonia but lack antheridia.
false
true or false In angiosperms and most gymnosperms, the entire megagametophyte is the pollen grain.
false
true or false Microspore mother cells divide by mitosis, producing microsporocytes.
false
true or false Radially symmetrical flowers are said to be irregular.
false
true or false Seeds are thought to have evolved before wood.
false
true or false The blade of a megaphyll contains only a single vein.
false
true or false The microgametophytes of Gymnosperms ¬usually produce at least one antheridium.
false
true or false The pollen grain is a partly developed megagametophyte.
false
true or false Tracheids most likely evolved from vessel elements.
false
is this gametophyte or sporophyte Produces eggs and or/sperm by mitosis
gametophyte
is this gametophyte or sporophyte the multicellular haploid stage of a plant life cycle
gametophyte
Is this gametophyte or sporophyte The multicellular, diploid stage of a plant life cycle
sporophyte
is this gametophyte or sporophyte shows a trend of increased dominance in size and complexity in plant evolution.
sporophyte
is this gametophyte or sporophyte a pine tree is an example
sporophyte
True or false A carpel is a leaflike structure that contains ovules.
true
True or false In a carpel, the style connects the stigma with the ovary.
true
True or false Microphylls are associated with stems possessing protosteles.
true
True or false The great height reached by some vascular plants was made possible by the evolution of the ability to synthesize lignin.
true
true or false All seed plants are heterosporous
true
true or false Sporopollenin protects the microgametophyte against UV radiation.
true
true or false The integuments envelope the nucellus except at the micropyle.
true
true or false The vascular tissue system is embedded in the ground tissue system.
true
true or false The vertical growth of the plant is an example of primary growth.
true
true or false Tracheary elements are the conducting cells of the xylem.
true