Chapter 18

The word "Progressivism" came into common use around 1910: a) as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement. b) as an antibusiness term. c) denoting a group that appealed only to women. d) as another term for socialism. e) and represented those who advocated revolution.

a

As a Progressive president, Theodore Roosevelt: a) demanded less economic regulation. b) supported the interests of big business. c) supported the conservation movement. d) dismantled the Interstate Commerce Commission. e) established the Federal Reserve system.

c

A cause not widely championed by Progressives was: a) regulating industry. b) women's suffrage. c) prohibiting alcohol. d) civil rights for blacks. e) reducing the poverty of the cities.

d

Margaret Sanger was a: a) utopian novelist. b) U.S. senator. c) prison-reform advocate. d) birth-control advocate.

d

A worker who crossed a picket line during a strike was called a: a) dodger. b) breaker. c) scum. d) socialist. e) scab

e

In the early twentieth century, Angel Island in San Francisco Bay became known as the "Ellis Island of the West" and served as the main entry point for immigrants from: a) Japan. b) China. c) Mexico. d) Brazil. e) Guam.

a

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire: a) was the worst fire in U.S. history. b) brought in its wake much-needed safety legislation. c) destroyed the business, but there were no casualties. d) occurred during the Uprising of the 20,000. e) resulted in laws that banned all manufacturing in New York.

b

Progressive-era immigration was part of a larger process of worldwide migration set in motion by all of the following forces EXCEPT: a) the annexation of the Philippines. b) industrial expansion. c) the decline of traditional agriculture. d) widespread poverty in rural southern and eastern Europe and parts of Asia. e) political turmoil.

a

The Progressive presidents were: a) Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, & Woodrow Wilson. b) Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, & Theodore Roosevelt. c) Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, & Rutherford B. Hayes. d) Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland, & William McKinley. e) William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, & Warren G. Harding.

a

The new concepts of a "living wage" and the "American standard of living": a) allowed for criticism of the inequalities of wealth and power. b) reflected America's growing interest in socialism. c) were unrelated to the rise of mass consumption. d) argued that all Americans should be wealthy. e) argued that economic and ethical concerns were unrelated.

a

Vaudeville is a: a) form of live entertainment. b) kind of alcohol drink. c) reform group. d) place in New York. e) political machine.

a

Who used the Sherman Antitrust Act to dissolve J. P. Morgan's Northern Securities Company? a) Theodore Roosevelt. b) Samuel Gompers. c) William Howard Taft. d) Louis Brandeis. e) Woodrow Wilson.

a

After 1900, the campaign for women's suffrage: a) maintained an increasingly elitist approach. b) included both middle- and working-class women. c) stagnated. d) was most successful in the Northeast. e) was fought only on the federal level.

b

Asian and Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century: a) clustered in the South as agricultural workers. b) clustered in the West as agricultural workers. c) were much more welcome than European immigrants. d) were prohibited from entering the United States. e) outnumbered southern and eastern European immigrants.

b

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court: a) refused to limit work hours for male bakers. b) argued that women were too weak to work long hours. c) outlawed child labor for children under the age of sixteen. d) gave labor the right to strike. e) validated the liberty of contract.

b

President Theodore Roosevelt: a) believed that the president should side with employers during labor disputes. b) believed the president should be an honest broker in labor disputes. c) opposed direct federal regulation of the economy. d) opposed the creation of national parks. e) proposed to weaken the Interstate Commerce Commission.

b

The Sixteenth Amendment: a) called for the direct election of senators. b) authorized Congress to implement a graduated income tax. c) granted women the right to vote. d) prohibited the use & sale of alcohol. e) instituted the initiative, referendum, and recall.

b

All of the following statements about Jane Addams and Hull House are true EXCEPT: a) Hull House and other settlement houses provided careers for the "new woman." b) Addams built kindergartens for immigrant children. c) Hull House was modeled on a settlement house in London. d) Addams established employment bureaus and health clinics. e) She believed that immigrant women primarily needed union protection.

a

Birds of passage were: a) immigrants who planned on returning to their homeland. b) single women who worked until they got married. c) strikebreakers who were sent in by factory owners. d) stowaways on passenger ships, attempting to immigrate to America. e) immigrants who visited settlement houses for temporary help.

a

During the Progressive era: a) new immigration from southern and eastern Europe reached its peak. b) overall immigration declined dramatically. c) the main point of entry for European immigrants was Boston. d) the vast majority of immigrants came from Ireland. e) all immigration was banned

a

The battle for free speech among workers in the early twentieth century: a) was led by the American Federation of Labor. b) was led by the Industrial Workers of the World. c) was not an issue of concern to most workers. d) was insignificant because the courts consistently supported workers' rights to assemble, organize, and spread their views. e) was never successful on the local level.

b

Which statement about the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 is FALSE? a) The strike demonstrated that workers sought the opportunity to enjoy the finer things in life. b) The strike was in response to a reduction in weekly wages. c) The strikers asked the American Federation of Labor for assistance. d) Children of the striking workers publicly marched up New York's Fifth Avenue. e) The strike was settled on the workers' terms.

d

Who was NOT a candidate in the 1912 presidential election? a) Theodore Roosevelt. b) Woodrow Wilson. c) Eugene Debs. d) William Jennings Bryan. e) William Howard Taft.

d

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Progressive reformers? a) Progressives were mainly urban and middle class. b) Progressives pursued radical alternatives to capitalism. c) Progressives implemented several of the reforms advocated earlier in the Gilded Age. d) Progressives were involved in a variety of reforms in the political, economic, and social realms. e) Progressives saw the idea of freedom in flux.

b

Which was the Ellis Island of the West? a) San Diego. b) Angel Island. c) Alcatraz. d) San Francisco. e) Liberty Island

b

By 1912, the Socialist Party: a) appealed only to immigrants. b) appealed only to industrial workers. c) had elected scores of local officials. d) was concentrated in New York City. e) had yet to elect a member to Congress.

c

Charlotte Perkins Gilman claimed that the road to woman's freedom lay through: a) higher education. b) holding political office. c) the workplace. d) access to birth control. e) being a wife and mother.

c

During the Progressive era: a) the American population declined. b) the economy stagnated. c) commercial farming grew. d) commercial farming declined. e) irrigation had not yet been introduced into the American West.

c

Feminism: a) represented only the struggle for women's suffrage. b) was concerned only with economic issues. c) sought to attack the traditional roles of sexual behavior for women. d) sought to maintain the traditional roles of sexual behavior for women. e) argued that women should not have to work.

c

A frank acceptance of the benefits of bigness, coupled with the intervention of government to counteract its abuses, best describes the philosophy behind: a) socialism. b) New Freedom. c) Populism. d) New Nationalism. e) New Deal.

d

All of the following people were "muckrakers" EXCEPT: a) Lewis Hine. b) Lincoln Steffens. c) Ida Tarbell. d) Samuel Gompers. e) Upton Sinclair.

d

During the Progressive era: a) growing numbers of native-born white women worked as domestics. b) most African-American women worked in factories. c) most eastern European immigrant women worked as telephone operators. d) growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices. e) the number of married women working declined.

d

Electoral reform during the Progressive era: a) expanded the electorate significantly. b) had little impact, especially in the cities. c) enfranchised African-Americans. d) actually limited many Americans' right to vote. e) did away with all residency requirements for voting.

d

Eugene V. Debs was: a) a railroad tycoon. b) a Social Darwinist. c) an immigrant. d) a Socialist candidate for president. e) elected vice president in 1912.

d

In the early twentieth century, the Socialist Party advocated for all of the following EXCEPT: a) free college education. b) legislation to improve the condition of laborers. c) public ownership of railroads. d) national health insurance. e) public ownership of factories.

d

Newspaper & magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial & urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as: a) yellow journalists. b) trustees. c) social reformers. d) muckrakers. e) freelancers.

d

The program that sought to streamline production & boost profits by systematically controlling costs & work practices was called: a) Fordism. b) vertical integration. c) free-market practices. d) scientific management. e) laissez-faire.

d

Which person was a Supreme Court justice and a Progressive reformer who advocated for the labor movement? a) Woodrow Wilson. b) Samuel Gompers. c) Eugene V. Debs. d) Louis Brandeis. e) Theodore Roosevelt.

d

All of the following measures expanded democracy during the Progressive era EXCEPT: a) the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution. b) the use of primary elections among party members to select candidates. c) the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution. d) popular election of judges. e) literacy tests & residency requirements.

e

All of the following statements about Urban Progressives are true EXCEPT: a) they worked to reform the structure of government. b) they sought to establish public control of gas and water works. c) they raised taxes to increase spending on schools and parks. d) they sought to improve public transportation. e) they worked with political machines.

e

As a Progressive president, Woodrow Wilson: a) raised tariffs immediately. b) aggressively engaged in trust-busting. c) always advocated for the interests of labor. d) created no new government agencies. e) signed into law the Keating-Owen Act

e

Founder of the Society of American Indians, Carlos Montezuma: a) demanded that all Indians be granted partial citizenship. b) argued that Federal government paternalism improved the lives of American Indians. c) called for government-sponsored boarding schools. d) called for the Bureau of Indian Affairs to be run by American Indians. e) demanded that American Indians be left alone in order to be independent.

e

Maternalist reform: a) opposed women's suffrage. b) led to generous mother's pensions for all women. c) sought to redefine the role of mothers. d) was directed only at black women. e) was supported by both feminists and more traditional women.

e

Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century: a) learned English immediately. b) planned to remain in the United States temporarily. c) generally earned lower wages in America than in their former homelands. d) dominated skilled and supervisory jobs. e) lived in close-knit communities.

e

Progressive governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette, instituted all of the following reforms EXCEPT: a) utilizing primary elections to select candidates. b) taxing corporate wealth. c) regulating railroads and utilities. d) drawing on nonpartisan university faculty. e) promising lower taxes and less government interference.

e

The Industrial Workers of the World: a) represented skilled workers only. b) was led by Eugene Debs. c) organized only women workers. d) was a union within the American Federation of Labor. e) advocated a workers' revolution.

e

The Ludlow Massacre was a tragic confrontation between: a) Plains Indians and the U.S. army. b) North Carolina textile workers and the police. c) the IWW and the Massachusetts police. d) New Orleans dockworkers and militia. e) Colorado mine workers and militia.

e

The term "Fordism": a) refers to Henry Ford's invention of the automobile. b) was used by labor unions, who hailed Ford's innovative approach. c) describes an economic system based on limited production of high-end goods. d) refers to Henry Ford's effort to organize workers into a union. e) describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption.

e

What Progressive-era issue became a crossroads where the paths of labor radicals, cultural modernists, & feminists intersected? a) Trust-busting. b) The initiative and referendum. c) Women's suffrage. d) Unionism. e) Birth control.

e

In 1912, New Freedom: a) was Theodore Roosevelt's campaign pledge that government should have a greater regulatory role. b) was Eugene Debs's campaign pledge that government should abolish all private property. c) was Woodrow Wilson's campaign pledge that government should renew economic competition with less government intervention. d) was the campaign slogan of the women's suffrage movement. e) was a term coined by Margaret Sanger for the birth-control movement.

c

Jane Addams: a) was a birth-control advocate. b) believed in Social Darwinism. c) advocated for the working poor. d) was an economist. e) supported anti-immigrant legislation.

c

Nickelodeons: a) were patronized only by the wealthy. b) were banned in most cities. c) were motion-picture theaters with a five-cent admission charge. d) never caught on with American consumers. e) appealed only to children.

c

The Progressive movement drew its strength from: a) big business. b) farmers. c) middle-class reformers. d) military leaders. e) socialists.

c

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was: a) Henry George. b) Theodore Dreiser. c) Upton Sinclair. d) Ida Tarbell. e) Lincoln Steffens

c

To create national parks like Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Glacier, the federal government: a) removed animals from the land. b) set aside lands that had never been inhabited by humans. c) removed Indians who hunted and fished on these lands. d) dismantled the Northern Pacific Railroad. e) barred logging and timber companies west of the Mississippi River.

c

Which institution became a pillar of stability for the immigrants as they settled into the communities in American cities? a) School. b) Hospital. c) Church. d) Benevolent society. e) Salvation Army.

c

Why did workers experience the introduction of scientific management as a loss of freedom? a) Scientific management typically lowered wages. b) Workers had to work longer hours under scientific management. c) Safety conditions worsened when companies introduced scientific management. d) Skilled workers under scientific management had to obey very detailed instructions. e) Foremen tended to drive workers with more brute force under scientific management.

d

What brought about a new wave of sympathy for the plight of women in the garment industry in Lawrence, Massachusetts? a) The city had extended maximum working hours for garment workers. b) The police of Lawrence had severely beaten striking women. c) The AFL had negotiated a sham contract for Lawrence's garment factories. d) The police had forced the children of Lawrence to leave town. e) The appearance of malnourished children evacuated from Lawrence shocked the public.

e

Which statement about the American Federation of Labor in the early twentieth century is FALSE? a) The AFL represented skilled workers only. b) AFL membership tripled between 1900 and 1904. c) The AFL forged closer ties with corporate leaders to stabilize employee relations. d) The AFL established pension plans for long-term workers. e) The AFL proposed an overthrow of the capitalist system.

e