Chapter 18
accelerate
(v.) to speed up, cause to move faster; to bring about more quickly
Why did the industry grow after the Civil War?
* government policies helped business grow * new technology (inventions) * new sources of energy (natural resources)
How did public education change after 1870?
-Kindergarten programs begun across the nation, Laws passed to require school attendance, Public high schools were built, Special business and industry courses offered, more colleges and universities opened, and more opportunities for adult educations expanded.
How did they assimilate into America?
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What contributions did they make to America?
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What difficulties did immigrants face in America?
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What kind of topics did realists write about?
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Who is Mark Twain ?
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Why did some people not want people to immigrate to America?
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Why did the newspaper industry grow?
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circuit
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clinic
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steerage
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Joseph Pulitzer
..., creator of the "New York World;"cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism
settlement house
A community center organized in the late 1800s to offer services to the poor
What is a patent?
A document giving someone the sole right to make and sell an invention.
What is the Bessemer process?
A method to make steel stronger at a low cost.
assimilation
A minority that is absorbed into the majority culture
anarchist
A person who opposes all forms of government.
What is an entrepreneur?
A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business
tenement
A run-down and often overcrowded apartment house, esp. in a poor section of a large city
Hull House
A settlement house started by Jane Addams in Chicago to house, feed, and educate the poor.
What is free enterprise?
A system where people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want
Who invented the telephone?
Alexander Graham Bell
What is the AFL?
American Federation of Labor.
How did new business methods help American industry grow?
Businesses became corporations, limiting the financial risk of the individual.
What business was Andrew Carnegie in?
Carnegie Steel Company
What problems did city dwellers face?
Cities grew and as a result streets were filthy, sewage systems weren't good, drinking water wasn't clean, and there were city wide fires
Why did cities grow in the late 1800s?
Cities grew in the late 1800s because of industrialization (more and bigger factories) and the flood if immigrants who took up residence; people came looking for jobs
realist
Closely resembling real life
What methods did the AFL use?
Collective Bargaining and strikes
How did the working conditions change as industry grew?
Costs cut to eliminate competition. As a result, pay and working conditions deteriorated. Unions formed.
Who invented the light weight camera?
George Edison
Who is Samuel Gompers?
He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a union for skilled workers.
Who perfected the assemble line and made the car available to millions at a discounted cost?
Henry Ford
Who were the leaders of "big business"?
John Rockefeller & Andrew Carnegie
yellow journalism
Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
Why was Edison's power plant important?
Most of Edison's inventions were worthless without a reliable source of energy. The power plant lit up homes, powered city streetcars and safe electric engines.
robber barons
Negative term used to describe large businessmen of the late 1800's because of the fact that they used ruthless practices to destroy competition and took advantage of workers.
How did states expand education?
Passed the compulsory education requiring children to attend until a certain age. states began building public schools, high schools, private colleges opened for male and females to attend.
What business was John D. Rockefeller in?
Standard Oil Company
Who invented the airplane?
The Wright brothers
What is Social Darwinism?
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.
What is collective bargaining?
The right of unions to negotiate with management for workers as a group.
What efforts were made to improve city life?
They installed streetlights and set up fire, sanitation, and police departments.
Who invented the electric light bulb?
Thomas Edison
exclude
To leave out; to keep from being a part of.
isolate
To separate from the group; set apart
What is a corporation?
a business owned by many investors
Salvation Army
a charitable and religious organization to evangelize and to care for the poor and homeless
What is a monopoly?
a company that controls most or all business in a particular industry
What is a trust?
a group of corporations run by a single board of directors
Why did people immigrate to the United States?
because of government, poverty, war, lack of crops due to disease
How did corporations raise capitol?
buy selling stock
What attractions did the city offer?
electric lights, jobs, elevated railroads and tall buildings, department stores
What leisure activities did the city offer?
going to the park/circus and theatre, museums, art galleries
What dangers did the factory workers face?
lung disease, burns, & getting clothing or hair caught in machinery
What is the meaning of refine?
purify; make free from impurities
Jane Addams
the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes
urbanization
the growth of cities and the migration of people into them
compulsory education
the requirement that children attend school up to a certain age
What does it mean to alter something?
to change; to make something different
What does justify mean?
to give good reason for an action
How did the workers organize in the late 1800s?
unions to improve working conditions