Chapter 18 APUSH Study Guide

True or False: Minstrel shows were local classical groups that laid the groundwork for the emergence of serious symphony orchestras in the early twentieth century

False

True or False: William Randolph Hearst was the founder of the "reform" movement within Judaism

False

True or False: By granting large amounts of land to state governments, the federal government encourages states to establish universities and colleges that would emphasize practical learning, especially in agriculture and mechanics

True

True or False: D.W. Griffith was a pioneer in the production of motion pictures

True

True or False: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, large-scale popular baseball was professionalized, whereas big-time football remained a college and university activity

True

True or False: John Dewey stressed reforming education to place less emphasis on rote learning of traditional knowledge and more on a flexible approach that would prepare students to be effective citizens who could deal with the realities of society

True

True or False: Most of the European immigrants who came to American cities from 1860 to 1910 came from rural backgrounds

True

True or False: Realist novelists tended to explore and write about the seamy side of urban life

True

True or False: The 1920 census was the first one in which a majority of the American population lived in "urban" areas of 2,500 or more residents

True

The largest ready- number of immigrants to the US in the late nineteenth century came from a. Southern and Eastern Europe b. Mexico and Central America c. Great Britain and Germany d. China and Japan

a. Southern and Eastern Europe

The formation of ethnic neighborhoods by immigrants in American cities: a. Tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies b. Resulted primarily from discriminatory zoning restrictions c. Prevented their identification with, and advancement in, American society d. Intensified a sense of not belonging to a coherent community

a. Tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies

Coney Island provided a way of experiencing mass American culture on an equal footing with people from different backgrounds a. True b. False

a. True

Vaudeville shows were composed of: a. Traveling dramatists who performed Shakespeare and other classic places in small towns and cities b. A variety of acts including musicians, singers, comedians, magicians, jugglers, dancers, and the like c. A mixture of primitive motion pictures with music by a small live orchestra d. Gypsies and other unsavory characters who used the shows to attract crowds to sell patent medicines and other fraudulent products

b. A variety of acts including musicians, singers, comedians, magicians, jugglers, dancers, and the like

Which of the following was not a trend contributing to the rise of mass consumption in the latter nineteenth century? a. The emergence of ready-made clothing as a basis of the American wardrobe b. The breakup of marketing monopolies held by national chain stores c. The development of canned food and refrigerated railroad cars d. The emergence of large department stores and mail-order houses

b. The breakup of marketing monopolies held by national chain stores

The new immigrants of the latter nineteenth century settled primarily in eastern industrial cities because they: a. Lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West b. Found immediate employment as unskilled factory workers c. Found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there d. Did all of the above

d. Did all of the above

The theory of evolution: a. Supported traditional American beliefs about the nature of man and history b. Met uniform resistance from middle-class Protestant religious leaders c. Gained greater acceptance in rural areas than in urban areas d. Influenced new ways of thinking in the social sciences

d. Influenced new ways of thinking in the social sciences

True or False: The political bosses and the machines they operated were usually popular with the people in the poor and working-class neighborhoods of the large cities

True

True or False: Because of the lack of private schools available, the South led the nation in the establishment of tax-supported public schools for all children

False

True or False: Darwin's theories were opposed by all organized Christian religious groups

False

True or False: The "Armory Show" was a major exposition of the development of the nation's modern scientific technology

False

True or False: The "streetcar suburbs" of Boston and other northeastern cities mainly provided cheap housing for low-paid factory workers and domestics

False

True or False: The Carlisle School was one of the first post-secondary institutions to admit African Americans

False

True or False: The neighborhood saloon was most popular in middle-class areas since the men had more time to frequent such establishments

False

True or False: The rise of "coeducation" in public colleges and universities in the late nineteenth century led to a marked decline in the number and influence of women's colleges in the period

False

Which of the following groups were excluded or severely restricted from immigration to the US by laws passed in the 1880s and 1890s? (Mark one or more letters) a. Chinese b. Convicts, paupers, and mental incompetents c. Illiterates d. Irish

a. Chinese b. Convicts, paupers, and mental incompetents

What late-nineteenth century technological developments made "skyscrapers" practical (Mark two letters) a. Electric elevators b. Air conditioning c. Concrete d. Steel girder construction

a. Electric elevators d. Steel girder construction

The Immigration Restriction League: a. Blamed foreigners for all the disorder and corruption of the urban world b. Advocated the screening of immigrants through literacy tests c. Adopted crude theories of conspiracy and a stance of rabid xenophobia d. Enlisted the support of President Grover Cleveland for their proposals

b. Advocated the screening of immigrants through literacy tests

During the late nineteenth century, all of the following innovations occurred in consumer goods EXCEPT the: a. The emergence of ready-made clothing b. Formation of credit card companies c. The opening of large department stores d. Development and mass production of tin cans

b. Formation of credit card companies

Because of rapid growth for the cities than for the general population a. Protected traditional social and cultural values b. Provided services and facilities inadequate to demands c. Witness the flight of factories and corporate offices to newer, less crowded locations d. Supported efficient and honest governments

b. Provided services and facilities inadequate to demands

Nativist reaction against European immigrants of the latter nineteenth century resulted from all of the following factors except the: a. The arrival of such vast numbers of immigrants b. Refusal of most immigrants and their children to attempt to assimilate themselves into American culture c. Generalized fears of, and prejudices against, foreigners d. Economic concern that immigrant workers would threaten the wages and positions of American workers

b. Refusal of most immigrants and their children to attempt to assimilate themselves into American culture

According to the philosophy of pragmatism, modern society, for guidance, should primarily rely on: a. Inherited ideals b. Scientific inquiry c. Moral principles d. Religious beliefs

b. Scientific inquiry

The emerge of national press services in the latter nineteenth century contributed most significantly to: a. Increased salaries for reporters b. Standardization of the news c. Separation of news from opinions d. A professional identity for American journalists

b. Standardization of the news

The majority of big-city residents in latter-nineteenth-century America a. Could afford their own houses, thanks to the availability of cheap labor and low building costs b. Took advantage of less expensive lands on the edges of the city and settled in suburbs c. Stayed in the city centers and rented living space d. Exacted high standards from urban landlords

c. Stayed in the city centers and rented living space

Which of the following population trends occurred in the US from 1860 to 1910? a. The gradual decline of the rural population in absolute numbers b. Shifts of the majority of the urban population from central city to suburbs c. The significant shift of the population from central city to suburbs d. Faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population

d. Faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population

Which of the following trends in American education did not take place in the latter nineteenth century? a. The spread of universal free public education b. Passage by states of compulsory attendance laws c. The rapid proliferation of colleges across the nation d. Increased emphasis on the classical curriculum at the university level

d. Increased emphasis on the classical curriculum at the university level

American urban population growth from 1860 to 1910 resulted mainly from a(n): a. Low-rate of infant mortality b. Increasing fertility rate c. Low death rate from disease d. Large influx of new residents

d. Large influx of new residents

In the 1890s, Jacob Riis a. Favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities b. Crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities c. Documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins d. Reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements

d. Reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements

The political machines of the bosses were able to retain power for all of the following reasons except: a. Immigrant voters were more concerned with receiving services than with middle-class standards of political morality b. Some wealthy and influential citizens profited from dealings with the bosses c. City government structure often had structural weaknesses that kept it from meeting citizen needs d. The absence of reform groups to mobilize public outrage against boss rule

d. The absence of reform groups to mobilize public outrage against boss rule

True or False: "Yellow journalism" referred to breezy magazines that printed family-oriented fare and avoided reminding their readers of poverty, scandal, or political controversy

False

True or False: Urban African Americans males in the late nineteenth century usually held skilled industrial jobs

False

The most famous and notorious city "boss" of the late nineteenth century was: a. Louis Sullivan b. Theodore Dreiser c. John A. Roebling d. William M. Tweed

d. William M. Tweed

True or False: Jacob Riis was a newspaper reporter and photographer who exposed the wretched conditions in the slums of New York

True

The large-scale movement of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities began during the latter nineteenth century mainly because of the: a. Poverty and oppression of the South b. Prospective professional opportunities in the cities c. The abundance of factory jobs there for African Americans d. Absence of racial discrimination in the North

a. Poverty and oppression of the South

By the 1890s, a million New Yorkers lived in tenements, which were: a. Slum dwellings with inadequate light, plumbing, and heat b. Helping relieve and disperse population growth c. Rental buildings designed for single-family residences d. Transformed by state laws into model housing units for the poor

a. Slum dwellings with inadequate light, plumbing, and heat

In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the a. The rapid growth of urban America b. Lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities c. The rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants d. Influx of millions of immigrants and the lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities

c. Rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants